Important locations

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i='/media/ht/ht_5T/Stored_Softs/Cross_Platform_Softs/Text_Editor/Atom/ /media/ht/ht_5T/Stored_Softs/Cross_Platform_Softs/Text_Editor/FocusWriter/ /media/ht/ht_5T/Stored_Softs/Cross_Platform_Softs/Text_Editor/GitBook/ /media/ht/ht_5T/Stored_Softs/Cross_Platform_Softs/Text_Editor/Manuskript/ /media/ht/ht_5T/Stored_Softs/Cross_Platform_Softs/Text_Editor/NotePad++/ /media/ht/ht_5T/Stored_Softs/Cross_Platform_Softs/Text_Editor/Obsidian/ /media/ht/ht_5T/Stored_Softs/Cross_Platform_Softs/Text_Editor/ReText/ /media/ht/ht_5T/Stored_Softs/Cross_Platform_Softs/Text_Editor/Sublime_Text/ /media/ht/ht_5T/Stored_Softs/Cross_Platform_Softs/Text_Editor/Typora/ /media/ht/ht_5T/Stored_Softs/Cross_Platform_Softs/Text_Editor/Zettlr/'
pcmanfm -n ${i}
#
i=/media/ht/ht_5T/Stored_Softs/Cross_Platform_Softs/Text_Editor/Atom/
pcmanfm -n ${i}; cd ${i}
i=/media/ht/ht_5T/Stored_Softs/Cross_Platform_Softs/Text_Editor/FocusWriter/
pcmanfm -n ${i}; cd ${i}
i=/media/ht/ht_5T/Stored_Softs/Cross_Platform_Softs/Text_Editor/GitBook/
pcmanfm -n ${i}; cd ${i}
i=/media/ht/ht_5T/Stored_Softs/Cross_Platform_Softs/Text_Editor/Manuskript/
pcmanfm -n ${i}; cd ${i}
i=/media/ht/ht_5T/Stored_Softs/Cross_Platform_Softs/Text_Editor/NotePad++/
pcmanfm -n ${i}; cd ${i}
i=/media/ht/ht_5T/Stored_Softs/Cross_Platform_Softs/Text_Editor/Obsidian/
pcmanfm -n ${i}; cd ${i}
i=/media/ht/ht_5T/Stored_Softs/Cross_Platform_Softs/Text_Editor/ReText/
pcmanfm -n ${i}; cd ${i}
i=/media/ht/ht_5T/Stored_Softs/Cross_Platform_Softs/Text_Editor/Sublime_Text/
pcmanfm -n ${i}; cd ${i}
i=/media/ht/ht_5T/Stored_Softs/Cross_Platform_Softs/Text_Editor/Typora/
pcmanfm -n ${i}; cd ${i}
i=/media/ht/ht_5T/Stored_Softs/Cross_Platform_Softs/Text_Editor/Zettlr/
pcmanfm -n ${i}; cd ${i}

Tips

• 使用Obisidian.md或Zettlr可以通过Copy and Paste将网页的内容直接转为Markdown Syntax的文字。至少适用于Google Chrome、Chromium Web Browser、Opera、Firefox

Atom Editor

• Hiding Project Manager by default : Atom

This is not exactly what you asked for (to hide the Project tab), but two alternatives to fix this until you find a better solution:

1. You can install the package Filetree Autohide. This hides the Project tab until you hover over it.

2. You can disable the package tree-view completely in Settings > Packages > tree-view (in the section “Core packages”). This might need a restart of Atom.

Obsidian.md

Installation

SNAP installation

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sudo snap install --dangerous obsidian_0.10.1_amd64.snap

Flatpak

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# Obsidian Installation
flatpak install flathub md.obsidian.Obsidian
#
# Run
flatpak run md.obsidian.Obsidian

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i=/media/ht/ht_5T/Stored_Softs/Cross_Platform_Softs/Text_Editor/Obsidian/
pcmanfm -n ${i}; cd ${i}

• Obsidian使用分享汇总 - 知乎
• 如何高效实践卡片式写作？ - 少数派
• 如何高效写长文？ - 少数派

Instrucitons

For Beginners

• Full-Course_简睿软体频道.mp4

![[Full-Course_简睿软体频道.mp4]]Full-Course_简睿软体频道.mp4

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i=/media/ht/ht_5T/Management/lHT_Media/Full-Course_简睿软体频道.mp4; setsid vlc ${i}

• Backlink, 28’10”。基本逻辑在于一旦完成Link，会自动生成Backlink。

基于 Obsidian 的 Zettelkasten 卡片盒笔记法实践

• 基于 Obsidian 的 Zettelkasten 卡片盒笔记法实践 | 吕立青的博客, to be organized in Word document.

Setting

• 1_超好用笔记软件_神奇的Obsidian黑曜石Markdown文本编辑知识管理工具_成为你的第二大脑.mp4
• 2_我是如何使用Obsidian的_黑曜石Markdown笔记软件入门讲解_轻松设置懒人包.mp4

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i=/media/ht/ht_5T/Stored_Softs/Cross_Platform_Softs/Text_Editor/Obsidian/Instructions/1_超好用笔记软件_神奇的Obsidian黑曜石Markdown文本编辑知识管理工具_成为你的第二大脑.mp4
setsid vlc ${i}
i=/media/ht/ht_5T/Stored_Softs/Cross_Platform_Softs/Text_Editor/Obsidian/Instructions/2_我是如何使用Obsidian的_黑曜石Markdown笔记软件入门讲解_轻松设置懒人包.mp4
setsid vlc ${i}

Error: ENOSPC: System limit for number of file watchers reached - Codepins

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echo fs.inotify.max_user_watches=524288 | sudo tee -a /etc/sysctl.conf && sudo sysctl -p
# that modifies the file watch limit to max 524,288 which consume approx. 512MB Ram for 64bit.
# reduce that number to consume less memory.

# to see if that did it run
cat /proc/sys/fs/inotify/max_user_watches

# you should see
fs.inotify.max_user_watches=524288

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Ubuntu

sudo gedit /etc/sysctl.conf

Add a line at the bottom

fs.inotify.max_user_watches=524288

Then save and exit!

sudo sysctl -p

Error: ENOSPC: System limit for number of file watchers reached

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echo fs.inotify.max_user_watches=524288 | sudo tee -a /etc/sysctl.conf && sudo sysctl -p
# that modifies the file watch limit to max 524,288 which consume approx. 512MB Ram for 64bit.
# reduce that number to consume less memory.

# to see if that did it run
cat /proc/sys/fs/inotify/max_user_watches

# you should see
fs.inotify.max_user_watches=524288

Error: ENOSPC: System limit for number of file watchers reached,

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Ubuntu

sudo gedit /etc/sysctl.conf

Add a line at the bottom

fs.inotify.max_user_watches=524288

Then save and exit!

sudo sysctl -p

system limit for number of file watchers reached

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echo fs.inotify.max_user_watches=524288 | sudo tee -a /etc/sysctl.conf && sudo sysctl -p

System limit for number of file watchers reached,

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echo fs.inotify.max_user_watches=524288 | sudo tee -a /etc/sysctl.conf && sudo sysctl -p

Internal watch failed: ENOSPC: System limit for number of file watchers reached

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echo fs.inotify.max_user_watches=582222 | sudo tee -a /etc/sysctl.conf && sudo sysctl -p

[nodemon] Internal watch failed: ENOSPC: System limit for number of file watchers reached, watch

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sudo sysctl fs.inotify.max_user_watches=582222 && sudo sysctl -p

Error: ENOSPC: System limit for number of file watchers reached, watch ‘/home/angelo/Documents/magistrale/SD/project/ds-project-filaseta-sanchi-talmi-ay-2021/guessr-client-web/public’

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echo fs.inotify.max_user_watches=524288 | sudo tee -a /etc/sysctl.conf && sudo sysctl -p

linux watchers limit

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echo fs.inotify.max_user_watches=524288 | sudo tee /etc/sysctl.d/40-max-user-watches.conf && sudo sysctl --system

Hexo and Git 免密码

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git config --global user.name "your github name"
git config --global user.email "example@email.com"
#
ssh-keygen -t rsa -C "example@email.com" -f ~/.ssh/github_name
#
##################################################
#
git config --global user.name "hotliu"
git config --global user.email "htliu@mail.com"
#
ssh-keygen -t rsa -C "htliu@mail.com" -f ~/.ssh/github_name

Hexo Note

Welcome to Hexo! This is your very first post. Check documentation for more info. If you get any problems when using Hexo, you can find the answer in troubleshooting or you can ask me on GitHub.

Quick Start

YAML

同一个文件仅能使用1个YAML formatter文件。

Create a new post

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$ hexo new "My New Post"

More info: Writing

Run server

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$ hexo server

More info: Server

Generate static files

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$ hexo generate

More info: Generating

Deploy to remote sites

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$ hexo deploy

More info: Deployment

Categories and tags of Hexo

---
title: play-json 中使用默认值
date: 2017-4-10 08:14:40
tags: play-json
categories: Scala
---

• Hexo 文章使用父子分类_小蓝的博客-CSDN博客_hexo多级分类
• Hexo添加categories页面 | 好好学习的郝
• Hexo 添加分类及标签
• Hexo使用攻略：添加分类及标签 | 极氙世界

Procedures as Hexo添加categories页面 | 好好学习的郝

1. Edit /media/ht/ht_5T/Management/Blog/Blog/themes/yilia/_config.yml

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i=/media/ht/ht_5T/Management/Blog/Blog/themes/yilia
pcmanfm -n ${i}; cd ${i}
#
i=/media/ht/ht_5T/Management/Blog/Blog/themes/yilia/_config.yml
cp ${i} ${i}.0 # bakcup
subl ${i}

2. 新建categories页面

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hexo new page categories
# `/media/ht/ht_5T/Management/Blog/Blog/source/categories/index.md` created

3. Edit /media/ht/ht_5T/Management/Blog/Blog/source/categories/index.md

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i=/media/ht/ht_5T/Management/Blog/Blog/source/categories/index.md
subl ${i}

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i=/media/ht/ht_5T/Management/Blog/Blog/themes/yilia/layout/category.ejs
subl ${i}

4. Creat yilia/layout/categories.ejs

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i=/media/ht/ht_5T/Management/Blog/Blog/themes/yilia/layout/category.ejs
subl ${i}

5. Creat yilia/source/css/_partial/categories.styl

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i=/media/ht/ht_5T/Management/Blog/Blog/themes/yilia/source/css/_partial/categories.styl
subl ${i}

6. 在yilia/source/css/style.styl引入categories.styl

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i=/media/ht/ht_5T/Management/Blog/Blog/themes/yilia/source/css/style.styl
subl ${i}

多层分类

1. 修改yilia/layout/categories.ejs为：

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i=/media/ht/ht_5T/Management/Blog/Blog/themes/yilia/layout/category.ejs
subl ${i}

2. yilia/source/css/_partial/categories.styl修改为：

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i=/media/ht/ht_5T/Management/Blog/Blog/themes/yilia/source/css/_partial/categories.styl
subl ${i}

hexo-auto-category

• hexo-auto-category - npm

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cnpm install hexo-auto-category --save

Configuration

• [ubuntu篇] 使用Hexo建立个人博客，自定义域名https加密，搜索引擎google,baidu,360收录 - 极术社区 - 连接 AIoT 开发者与生态服务

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npm install hexo-generator-index --save
npm install hexo-generator-archive --save
npm install hexo-generator-category --save
npm install hexo-generator-tag --save
#
cnpm install hexo-generator-index --save
cnpm install hexo-generator-archive --save
cnpm install hexo-generator-category --save
cnpm install hexo-generator-tag --save

分类/Categories

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hexo yilla  categories 设置

• hexo博客的yilia主题之添加分类

Well done!

• 基于yilia主题在github上搭建博客 | 间客六十
• 【Hexo搭建个人博客】：yilia主题配置(四) - 分类管理_Alfred的博客-CSDN博客
• Hexo + yilia 搭建博客可能会遇到的所有疑问 - SegmentFault 思否, “随笔”问题以及其他技巧。

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i=/media/ht/ht_5T/Management/Blog/Blog/source/categories/index.md; subl ${i}

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i=/media/ht/ht_5T/Management/Blog/Blog/themes/yilia/_config.yml; subl ${i}

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i=/media/ht/ht_5T/Management/Blog/Blog/themes/yilia/source/main.0cf68a.css
subl ${i}

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i=/media/ht/ht_5T/Management/Blog/Blog/themes/yilia/layout/category.ejs
subl ${i}

Gingko Alternatives

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i="https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/149969933   https://typora.io/#windows   https://alternativeto.net/software/gingko/   https://topalter.com/   http://www.theologeek.ch/manuskript/download/   https://software.opensuse.org/package/focuswriter   http://strlen.com/treesheets/   https://www.zettlr.com/download/win32  "
setsid chromium-browser ${i}

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i=' https://alternativeto.net/software/gingko/   https://www.theologeek.ch/manuskript/  https://gottcode.org/focuswriter/  http://strlen.com/treesheets/  https://www.zettlr.com/ https://typora.io/#'
setsid chromium-browser --new-window ${i}

• Gingko Alternatives and Similar Sites / Apps | AlternativeTo
• Manuskript – Open-source tool for writers
• FocusWriter
• TreeSheets
• A Markdown Editor for the 21st Century | Zettlr
• Typora — a markdown editor, markdown reader.
• TopAlter.com ~ Find The Best Alternatives
• Trello, for teamwork

Manuskript

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i=/media/ht/ht_5T/Stored_Softs/Cross_Platform_Softs/Text_Editor/Manuskript/
pcmanfm -n ${i}; cd ${i}

• Manuskript – Open-source tool for writers

• Manuskript is a perfect tool for those writer who like to organize and plan everything before writing.

• The snowflake method can help you grow your idea into a book, by leading you step by step and asking you questions to go deeper.

• While writing, keep track of notes about every characters, plot, event, place in your story.

• Manuskript is still in development, and in need of extensive testing.

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i=/media/ht/ht_5T/Stored_Softs/Cross_Platform_Softs/Text_Editor/Manuskript
pcmanfm -n ${i}; cd ${i}
#
i=https://github.com/olivierkes/manuskript/releases/download/0.11.0/manuskript-0.11.0-win32.zip
axel ${i} # Manuskript/Windows version download
#
i=https://github.com/olivierkes/manuskript/releases/download/0.11.0/manuskript-0.11.0-1.deb
axel ${i} # Manuskript/Debian version download
#
sudo apt update
sudo dpkg -i manuskript-0.11.0-1.deb
#
git clone https://github.com/olivierkes/manuskript.git
cd manuskript
git checkout develop
bin/manuskript

FocusWriter

FocusWriter is a simple, distraction-free writing environment. It utilizes a hide-away interface that you access by moving your mouse to the edges of the screen, allowing the program to have a familiar look and feel to it while still getting out of the way so that you can immerse yourself in your work. It’s available for Linux and Windows, and has been translated into many different languages.

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i=/media/ht/ht_5T/Stored_Softs/Cross_Platform_Softs/Text_Editor/FocusWriter/
pcmanfm -n ${i}; cd ${i}

• FocusWriter
• openSUSE Software
• Install package home:gottcode / focuswriter

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i=/media/ht/ht_5T/Stored_Softs/Cross_Platform_Softs/Text_Editor/FocusWriter
pcmanfm -n ${i}; cd ${i}
#
echo 'deb http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/home:/gottcode/xUbuntu_20.04/ /' | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/home:gottcode.list
curl -fsSL https://download.opensuse.org/repositories/home:gottcode/xUbuntu_20.04/Release.key | gpg --dearmor | sudo tee /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/home_gottcode.gpg > /dev/null
sudo apt update
sudo apt install focuswriter

Typora

Typora gives you a seamless experience as both a reader and a writer. It removes the preview window, mode switcher, syntax symbols of markdown source code, and all other unnecessary distractions. Instead, it provides a real live preview feature to help you concentrate on the content itself.

• Distractions Free
• Seamless Live Preview
• What You See Is What You Mean

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i=/media/ht/ht_5T/Stored_Softs/Cross_Platform_Softs/Text_Editor/Typora/
pcmanfm -n ${i}; cd ${i}

• Typora - a markdown editor, markdown reader.
• Typora/Linux

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i=/media/ht/ht_5T/Stored_Softs/Cross_Platform_Softs/Text_Editor/Typora
pcmanfm -n ${i}; cd ${i}

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# or run:
# sudo apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys BA300B7755AFCFAE
wget -qO - https://typora.io/linux/public-key.asc | sudo apt-key add -
# add Typora's repository
sudo add-apt-repository 'deb https://typora.io/linux ./'
sudo apt-get update
# install typora
sudo apt-get install typora

TreeSheets

A “hierarchical spreadsheet” that is a great replacement for spreadsheets, mind mappers, outliners, PIMs, text editors and small databases.

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# Installation
i=/media/ht/ht_5T/Stored_Softs/Cross_Platform_Softs/Text_Editor/TreeSheets/; cd ${i}
sudo apt install treesheets
#
i=/media/ht/ht_5T/Stored_Softs/Cross_Platform_Softs/Text_Editor/TreeSheets/; pcmanfm -n ${i}; cd ${i}
#
i=/media/ht/ht_5T/Stored_Softs/Cross_Platform_Softs/Text_Editor/TreeSheets/
pcmanfm -n ${i}; cd ${i}

• TreeSheets

Zettlr

• Zettlr

Temporal note of Zettlr. To be moved to Obsidian Note or local Zettlr.

Writing is an essential part of our everyday life. Why make it complicated? Zettlr redefines what writing means. It is slim, fast, and versatile. Focus on what matters to you. Publish, not perish.

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i=/media/ht/ht_5T/Stored_Softs/Cross_Platform_Softs/Text_Editor/Zettlr/
pcmanfm -n ${i}; cd ${i}

Downloading sites

• Download for Linux | Zettlr, AMD64 version alone
• AppImage, both versions of i386 and AMD64

Instruction in Chinese

• 分享|Zettlr：适合写作者和研究人员的 Markdown 编辑器
• Zettlr - 撰写专业论文的 MarkDown 编辑器[Win/macOS/Linux] - 小众软件
• 难以抉择的markdown编辑器📑 | 用心记,放心阅,方便查, 中文包的安装。此外，包括了Vnote和Boostnote的安装。
• MarkDown编辑器Zettlr for mac特别版, Good guidance
• 科研助手/笔记软件Zettlr系列03：如何实现学术笔记的导出和添加引用_哔哩哔哩 (゜-゜)つロ 干杯~-bilibili, Video instruction
• Zettlr 1.2.3 撰写专业论文的 MarkDown 编辑器 - Mac帮, 非常详细

• Global search

Polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG)

• Guanidine-based disinfectants, polyhexamethylene guanidine-phosphate (PHMG-P), polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB), and oligo(2-(2-ethoxy)ethoxyethyl guanidinium chloride (PGH) induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in A549 alveolar epithelial cells - PubMed
• Polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride-based disinfectant: a novel tool to fight meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and nosocomial infections - PubMed
• Antimicrobial activity of polyhexamethylene guanidine phosphate in comparison to chlorhexidine using the quantitative suspension method | Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials | Full Text
  • https://ann-clinmicrob.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s12941-015-0097-x.pdf
  • https://static-content.springer.com/esm/art%3A10.1186%2Fs12941-015-0097-x/MediaObjects/12941_2015_97_MOESM1_ESM.pdf
  • https://static-content.springer.com/esm/art%3A10.1186%2Fs12941-015-0097-x/MediaObjects/12941_2015_97_MOESM2_ESM.pdf

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wget https://ann-clinmicrob.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s12941-015-0097-x.pdf https://static-content.springer.com/esm/art%3A10.1186%2Fs12941-015-0097-x/MediaObjects/12941_2015_97_MOESM2_ESM.pdf https://static-content.springer.com/esm/art%3A10.1186%2Fs12941-015-0097-x/MediaObjects/12941_2015_97_MOESM1_ESM.pdf
#
echo 'Antimicrobial activity of polyhexamethylene guanidine phosphate in comparison to chlorhexidine using the quantitative suspension method' | sed 's/\ /\_/g'
pdftk *.pdf cat output ../`basename ${PWD}`.pdf
pdftk s*.pdf 1*.pdf cat output ../`basename ${PWD}`.pdf

Smallpdf-下载适用于所有操作系统的免费PDF软件

该软件需要付费。

FTP

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/8768-11F8/EX_Documents/eBooks/Yellow_Text/K
/0/Documents/eBooks/Yellow/K

FTP/Mobile phones

DCIM/Camera Directory

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Site=ftp://ht@192.168.1.${i}:2121/DCIM; nemo -n ${Site} # DCIM/Camera Directory
#
Site='/run/user/1000/gvfs/ftp:host=192.168.1.'${i}',port=2121,user=ht/'; Site=${Site}"DCIM"; nemo -n ${Site}; cd ${Site}

Download Directory

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Site=ftp://ht@192.168.1.${i}:2121/Download; nemo -n ${Site} # Download directory
#
i='/run/user/1000/gvfs/ftp:host=192.168.1.8,port=2121,user=ht/'
#
Site='/run/user/1000/gvfs/ftp:host=192.168.1.'${i}',port=2121,user=ht/'; Site=${Site}"Download"; nemo -n ${Site}; cd ${Site}

百度网盘

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Site=ftp://ht@192.168.1.${i}:2121/BaiduNetdisk; nemo -n ${Site} # 百度网盘
#
Site='/run/user/1000/gvfs/ftp:host=192.168.1.'${i}',port=2121,user=ht/'; Site=${Site}"BaiduNetdisk"; nemo -n ${Site}; cd ${Site}

微信

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Site=ftp://ht@192.168.1.${i}:2121/Android/data/com.tencent.mm/MicroMsg/Download; nemo -n ${Site} # WeChat/Weixin
#
Site='/run/user/1000/gvfs/ftp:host=192.168.1.'${i}',port=2121,user=ht/'; Site=${Site}"Android/data/com.tencent.mm/MicroMsg/Download"; nemo -n ${Site}; cd ${Site}

QQ

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Site=ftp://ht@192.168.1.${i}:2121/Android/data/com.tencent.mobileqq/Tencent/QQfile_recv; nemo -n ${Site} ## Mobile QQ
#
Site='/run/user/1000/gvfs/ftp:host=192.168.1.'${i}',port=2121,user=ht/'; Site=${Site}"Android/data/com.tencent.mobileqq/Tencent/QQfile_recv"; nemo -n ${Site}; cd ${Site}

COVID-19

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Site=ftp://ht@192.168.1.${i}:2121/Documents/Study/COVID-19; nemo -n ${Site} # COVID-19
#
Site='/run/user/1000/gvfs/ftp:host=192.168.1.'${i}',port=2121,user=ht/'; Site=${Site}"Documents/Study/COVID-19"; nemo -n ${Site}; cd ${Site}

Study Directory

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Site=ftp://ht@192.168.1.${i}:2121/Documents/Study/; nemo -n ${Site} # Study
#
Site='/run/user/1000/gvfs/ftp:host=192.168.1.'${i}',port=2121,user=ht/'; Site=${Site}"Documents/Study/"; nemo -n ${Site}; cd ${Site}

Markor Directory

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Site=ftp://ht@192.168.1.${i}:2121/Documents/markor/; nemo -n ${Site} # Markor
#
Site='/run/user/1000/gvfs/ftp:host=192.168.1.'${i}',port=2121,user=ht/'; Site=${Site}"Documents/markor/"; nemo -n ${Site}; cd ${Site}

VOA

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Site=ftp://ht@192.168.1.${i}:2121/Android/data/vn.innoloop.VOALearningEnglish/cache/audio-cache ## VOA
# /storage/emulated/0/Android/data/vn.innoloop.VOALearningEnglish/cache/audio-cache
#
Site='/run/user/1000/gvfs/ftp:host=192.168.1.'${i}',port=2121,user=ht/'; Site=${Site}"Android/data/vn.innoloop.VOALearningEnglish/cache/"; nemo -n ${Site}; cd ${Site}

COVID-19 data

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mkdir `Date`;cd `Date`; nemo -n; \
#
i='https://github.com/CSSEGISandData/COVID-19/trunk/csse_covid_19_data/csse_covid_19_time_series'; time svn checkout ${i}
#
cd ./csse_covid_19_time_series; 7z a ../../COVID-19_`date +%Y%m%d`.7z *.*; cd ../; find ./ -type f -name "*.csv" | xargs -I % mv % ./; rm -r csse_covid_19_time_series/; rm Errata.csv; Corona
#
i='https://github.com/CSSEGISandData/COVID-19/trunk/csse_covid_19_data/csse_covid_19_time_series'; svn checkout ${i}
#
find . -type f -name "*.csv" -exec mv {} ./ \;
#
svn checkout https://github.com/CSSEGISandData/COVID-19/trunk/csse_covid_19_data/csse_covid_19_time_series

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for i in 'https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CSSEGISandData/COVID-19/master/csse_covid_19_data/csse_covid_19_time_series/time_series_covid19_confirmed_global.csv https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CSSEGISandData/COVID-19/master/csse_covid_19_data/csse_covid_19_time_series/time_series_covid19_deaths_global.csv https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CSSEGISandData/COVID-19/master/csse_covid_19_data/csse_covid_19_time_series/time_series_covid19_recovered_global.csv https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CSSEGISandData/COVID-19/master/csse_covid_19_data/csse_covid_19_time_series/time_series_covid19_confirmed_US.csv https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CSSEGISandData/COVID-19/master/csse_covid_19_data/csse_covid_19_time_series/time_series_covid19_deaths_US.csv'; do wget ${i}; done
#
i='https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CSSEGISandData/COVID-19/master/csse_covid_19_data/csse_covid_19_time_series/time_series_covid19_confirmed_global.csv https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CSSEGISandData/COVID-19/master/csse_covid_19_data/csse_covid_19_time_series/time_series_covid19_deaths_global.csv https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CSSEGISandData/COVID-19/master/csse_covid_19_data/csse_covid_19_time_series/time_series_covid19_recovered_global.csv https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CSSEGISandData/COVID-19/master/csse_covid_19_data/csse_covid_19_time_series/time_series_covid19_confirmed_US.csv https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CSSEGISandData/COVID-19/master/csse_covid_19_data/csse_covid_19_time_series/time_series_covid19_deaths_US.csv'; setsid chromium-browser --new-window ${i}
#
i=
Site=ftp://ht@192.168.1.${i}:2121/Documents/Study/COVID-19; nemo -n ${Site} # COVID-19

以上文本不来自My_Linux.html。

亟待解决的问题

• Remote control
  • openSSH
  • Remote control between Windows and Linux
• NGS pipeline

Installation log

SoftEtherVPN

• SoftEtherVPN Daily Builds : Dmitry Verkhoturov

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sudo add-apt-repository ppa:paskal-07/softethervpn
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt install softether-vpnserver

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4

Signing key:
4096R/F000B3D6E5C089EDE248DC0EA36194BE91291215 (What is this?)
Fingerprint:
F000B3D6E5C089EDE248DC0EA36194BE91291215

WINE

• How to Install Wine on Ubuntu 18.04 LTS

1

sudo apt install wine64

zotero

• installation [Zotero Documentation]

1. Extract bz2 pack
2. Move directory to /opt/
3. run “set_launcher_icon”
4. run “ln -s /opt/zotero/zotero.desktop ~/.local/share/applications/zotero.desktop”

djvu viewer

• [ubuntu] How to open djvu documents with LINUX?
• DjVuLibre: Open Source DjVu library and viewer

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sudo apt install djview
#
sudo apt install djvulibre-bin

VLC

• How to Install VLC Media Player on Ubuntu Linux

1

sudo snap install vlc

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sudo apt install snapd
snap install vlc --classic
sudo apt-get install snapd snapd-xdg-open

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sudo add-apt-repository ppa:videolan/stable-daily
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install vlc
# Beta version
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:videolan/master-daily
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install vlc
#
sudo apt-get install gstreamer1.0-plugins-bad # Update: found a fix

• live usb - How to install the MPEG-4 AAC decoder and the H.264 decoder? - Ask Ubuntu

FileZilla

• How to Install FileZilla Client 3.20 in Ubuntu 16.04 | UbuntuHandbook
• How to Install FileZilla Client 3.25.0 in Ubuntu 16.10 via PPA
• How to Install FileZilla Client 3.25.0 in Ubuntu 16.10 via PPA
• Download FileZilla Client

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sudo sh -c 'echo "deb http://archive.getdeb.net/ubuntu xenial-getdeb apps" >> /etc/apt/sources.list.d/getdeb.list'
wget -q -O - http://archive.getdeb.net/getdeb-archive.key | sudo apt-key add -
sudo apt update
sudo apt install filezilla

HandBrake

• How to Install HandBrake Video Converter on Ubuntu

1

sudo apt-get install handbrake

CopyQ/Clipboard manager

Keyword, clipboard, multiple

• 10 Best Indicator Applets For Ubuntu 16.04 - It’s FOSS
• 10 Best Clipboard Managers for Linux

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sudo add-apt-repository ppa:noobslab/indicators
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install copyq

ncbi-genome-download

1

conda install -c bioconda ncbi-genome-download

hugin

• Install Panorama Stitcher Hugin 2018 in Ubuntu 16.04, 17.10 | UbuntuHandbook
• Hugin - Panorama photo stitcher
• Panorama Tools
• Hugin Compiling Ubuntu - PanoTools.org Wiki

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sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ubuntuhandbook1/apps
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install hugin

silversearcher-ag

• the silver searcher：快如闪电的 grep | Ming’s Blog
• Ag （the_silver_searcher） 安装使用 - Leslie Guan - 博客园
• GitHub - ggreer/the_silver_searcher: A code-searching tool similar to ack, but faster.

1

sudo apt-get install silversearcher-ag

amule installation

1

sudo apt install amule

Planner from Apps/Planner/Downloads - GNOME Wiki!, Vision, Bio-Linux

Configuration

中文输入法

• 安装搜狗拼音输入法Linux · Issue #3 · cheng470/note · GitHub
• art fcitx中文设置输入英文符号 - 严谨死板君的专栏 - CSDN博客
• Ubuntu中英文切换及编辑特殊符号 - iamplane的博客 - CSDN博客
• 【高级】选项卡 - 搜狗输入法
• Deepin如何设置中文输入法用英文标点符号？ - 知乎

fcitx-【】

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subl /usr/share/fcitx/data/punc.mb.zh_CN
#
. 。
, ，
? ？
" “ ”
: ：
; ；
' ‘ ’
< 《
> 》
\ 、
! ！
$ ￥
^ ……
* ×
_ ——
( （
) ）
[ 【
] 】
~ ～

Bibus

Pubmed

1. Go to Edit -> Preferences, check Advanced preferences, select tab PubMed
2. Change “http” to “https”
3. Press OK

• https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/
• https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed

Default Applications for LXSession

Installation from lubuntu-software-center

Terminal

  lxsession-default-terminal %s # for Ubuntu (GNOME Terminal)
  lxterminal %s # for Lubuntu
  x-terminal-emulator %s

Printer installation

• 怎么在Linux上安装打印机驱动（以Ubuntu为例） – WTF Daily Blog

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cd /media/ht/ht_5T/Stored_Softs/Linux_Softs/HPLIP
sudo sh /media/ht/ht_5T/Stored_Softs/Linux_Softs/HPLIP/hplip-3.18.6.run

openbox –reconfigure

修改~/.config/openbox/lubuntu...后执行openbox --reconfigure可以避免reboot

z-command

zcommands: Read gzip Compressed Text Files On a Fly - nixCraft

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zless data.txt.gz
zmore data.txt.gz
zcat file.gz
zdiff file1.gz file2.gz
zcmp file1.gz file2.gz
zegrep -w '^word1|word2' file.gz
zgrep 'wordToSearch' file.gz

grep in compressed gz file

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zgrep "something" gz_file

sed in compressed gz file

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gunzip -c 20110203.1104.gz | sed -n '1p;$p'

Keyboard shortcut in Ubuntu

KeyboardShortcuts - Community Help Wiki

Getting “System program problem detected” pops up regularly after upgrade

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gksudo gedit /etc/default/apport
sudo subl /etc/default/apport
sb /etc/default/apport
vi /etc/default/apport
Change enabled=1 to enabled=0, then save and exit.

add-apt-repository

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sudo add-apt-repository ppa:bill-zt/gtkqq
sudo add-apt-repository -r ppa:<ppa to remove>

Ign meaning in apt-get update

What does ‘Ign’ mean when running an apt-get update? - Ask Ubuntu

• Hit means apt checked the timestamps on package list, those match and there are no changes.
• Ign means there are no changes in the pdiff index file, it wont bother downloading it again.

FLASH installation in Google Chrome/Chromium and Firefox

Google_Chrome_Learning.md

Tester

Chrome

1. Open the program Software and Updates
2. Go to Other Software
3. Enable (check) Canonical Partners and close Software and Updates
4. Open up a terminal and run: sudo apt-get update
5. Now install flash: sudo apt-get install adobe-flashplugin

为Chromium安装Flash player

下载https://get.adobe.com/cn/flashplayer上的Tar包

1.解压下载的tar包解压到需要的位置

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tar xzvf flash_player_ppapi_linux.x86_64.tar.gz -C flash_chrome
tar xzvf  *.gz -C flash_chrome

2.把libpepflashplayer.so复制到chromium的插件目录:

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sudo cp libpepflashplayer.so /usr/lib/chromium-browser/plugins/libpepflashplayer.so

3.修改chromium的配置文件:

修改/etc/chromium-browser/default,修改CHROMIUM_FLAGS,修改后大致如下:

# Options to pass to chromium-browser

CHROMIUM_FLAGS="--ppapi-flash-path=/usr/lib/chromium-browser/plugins/libpepflashplayer.so --ppapi-flash-version=22.0.0.209"

这里有一点需要注意:其中ppapi-flash-version=22.0.0.209中的版本号,要与tar包中manifest.json中的版本号对应起来.

4.重启Chromium即可生效

为Firefox安装Flash player

Fast way

Flash plugin for Firefox on Ubuntu 16.04 - Ask Ubuntu

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sudo apt-get install browser-plugin-freshplayer-pepperflash

1. 解压下载的tar包解压到需要的位置

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tar xzvf flash_player_ppapi_linux.x86_64.tar.gz -C flash_chrome

2. libflashplayer.so复制到firefox的插件目录:

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sudo cp libflashplayer.so /usr/lib/mozilla/plugins/libflashplayer.so

3. 复制flash的配置文件:

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sudo cp -r usr/* /usr

4. 重启firefox即可。

结语:就这么多,挺简单吧.

Upgrade

• upgrade - Upgrading from the command line? - Ask Ubuntu
• 如何从以前的版本升级到Ubuntu 17.10_Linux教程_Linux公社-Linux系统门户网站

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sudo apt-get install update-manager-core
sudo do-release-upgrade

You may need to check /etc/update-manager/release-upgrades and change the line:

Prompt=lts
to:

Prompt=normal

VirtualBox

Restore the mini-menu bar

• Right Ctrl + C

Folder sharing

• Insert Guest Additions CD Image

E: Unable to lock the administration directory (/var/lib/dpkg/), is another process using it?

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sudo rm /var/lib/apt/lists/lock
sudo rm /var/cache/apt/archives/lock
sudo rm /var/lib/dpkg/lock

Auto login

How to enable Lubuntu auto login?

Since, Precise Pangolin, lightdm is used as the display manager. Therefore you will have to edit /etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf:

sudo nano /etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf

Edit the file to look like this:

[SeatDefaults]
autologin-user=USERNAME
autologin-user-timeout=0
user-session=Lubuntu
greeter-session=lightdm-gtk-greeter

Replace, USERNAME with the username you want to login as. Save and exit. Upon next reboot your Lubuntu system should automatically log the user in. This procedure works on 12.10 Quantal Quetzal as well. The official how-to can be found here.

• My Linux

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sudo dpkg-reconfigure gdm3

Login background (lightdm)

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gksu gedit /etc/lightdm/unity-greeter.conf
background=/usr/share/backgrounds/warty-final-ubuntu.png

/etc/lightdm/lightdm-gtk-greeter.conf.d/30_lubuntu.conf

• How To Change LightDM (Login Screen) Background [Quick Tip] ~ Web Upd8: Ubuntu / Linux blog
• [lubuntu] Change Login Screen

Add user

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# adduser tom
# passwd tom
# /etc/pam.d/common-password

Kernel update

The simplest set of instructions I always used for kernel upgrade / downgrade are by ubuntuforums.org user by the name of lykwydchykyn (url modified by me for this post):

1. Go here: http://kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/
2. Download 3 (maybe 4) debs to a folder somewhere:

• linux-headers-VERSION-NUMBER_all.deb
• linux-headers-VERSION-NUMBER_amd64.deb
• linux-image-VERSION-NUMBER_amd64.deb
• linux-image-extra-VERSION-NUMBER_amd64.deb # if available

2. Install the debs with whatever package manager front-end you use (is gdebi still around?), or use these commands:

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cd /path/to/folder/where/you/put/the/debs
sudo dpkg -i *.deb

Sources:

• https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Kernel/MainlineBuilds
• http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?p=11391743#post11391743

Screensaver

sudo apt-get remove gnome-screensaver
sudo apt-get install xscreensaver xscreensaver-data-extra xscreensaver-gl-extra

Widgets/Applet

Calender

• How To Embed A Google Calendar Widget On Your Linux Desktop Background - Linux Uprising Blog

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sudo apt install gcalcli conky-all

• Screenlets - Easily Add Widgets to Your Linux Desktop

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sudo add-apt-repository ppa:screenlets/ppa
sudo apt update
sudo apt install screenlets screenlets-pack-all

Conky

• Get Desktop Widgets on Ubuntu 18.04 with Conky | Technastic

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sudo apt-get install conky-all
sudo apt-add-repository -y ppa:teejee2008/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install conky-manager
#
wget https://launchpad.net/~teejee2008/+archive/ubuntu/ppa/+files/conky-manager_2.4~136~ubuntu16.04.1_amd64.deb
wget https://launchpad.net/~teejee2008/+archive/ubuntu/ppa/+files/conky-manager_2.4~136~ubuntu16.04.1_i386.deb
sudo gdebi conky-manager*.deb

PlexyDesk

• Plexydesk Brings Desktop Widgets to Ubuntu - OMG! Ubuntu!

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sudo add-apt-repository ppa:plexydesk/plexydesk
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install plexydesk

Alarm/Timer

• software recommendation - A countdown timer that minimises to tray? - Ask Ubuntu
• [ubuntu] desktop countdown timer
• 10 Time Tracking Software for Ubuntu - TimeCamp
• Where do I find a days countdown timer for Ubuntu? - Quora
• Download software about Desktop - Ubuntu
• CountDown 0.2 for Ubuntu - Download

/media/ht/ht_5T/Stored_Softs/Linux_Softs/Widgets

• countdown-0.2.gz
• timer-applet-2.1.2.deb

countdown

• Best Countdown Timer App for Linux - Computing for Geeks

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export RELEASE="1.0.0"
wget https://github.com/antonmedv/countdown/releases/download/v$RELEASE/countdown_linux_amd64 -O countdown
#
chmod +x countdown
sudo mv countdown /usr/local/bin
#
countdown 30s
countdown 2h10m30s

sleep

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nohup sleep 60 && notify-send Timer "Time up" && paplay /usr/share/sounds/freedesktop/stereo/complete.oga &
#
i=3
nohup sleep ${i} && notify-send Timer "Time up \n ${i} Seconds" &
#
alias Timer='nohup sleep ${i} && notify-send Timer "Time up \n ${i} Seconds" &'

alarm-clock-applet

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sudo apt install alarm-clock-applet # the minimal unit is minute

Linux - Fake File Access, Modify and Change TimeStamps - ShellHacks

Change a file’s atime (access time):

$ touch -a –date=”1988-02-15” file.txt
$ touch -a –date=”1988-02-15 01:00” file.txt
$ touch -a –date=”1988-02-15 01:00:17.547775198 +0300” file.txt

Change a file’s mtime (modification time):

$ touch -m –date=”2020-01-20” file.txt
$ touch -m –date=”2020-01-20 23:05” file.txt
$ touch -m –date=”2020-01-20 23:05:43.443117094 +0400” file.txt

Tips

时间戳/timestamp

• Linux 怎么修改系统和文件的创建时间和最后修改时间_百度知道
• Linux命令（五）创建文件或修改文件时间 touch - ay-a - 博客园
• Linux如何查看文件的创建、修改时间？ - 帅哥不吃香菜 - 博客园
• windows用powershell修改文档/文件夹创建时间、修改时间_运维_Adrianna的专栏-CSDN博客
• DEBUGFS Command - Show File Creation Times in Linux
• Linux - Fake File Access, Modify and Change TimeStamps - ShellHacks
• timestamp - How can I change the date modified/created of a file? - Ask Ubuntu

转换

整理自转换.odt

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/media/ht/ht_5T/Work/References/Computer_Tips/Linux_Tips/My_Linux/My_Linux.Rmd

opencc

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sudo apt-get install opencc
# 如果你更願意體驗最新的版本，請使用ppa：
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:byvoid-kcp/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install opencc
##################
# One-liner
##################
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:byvoid-kcp/ppa; sudo apt-get update; sudo apt-get install opencc

epstopdf

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for file in `ls *.ps`; do epstopdf $file; done

Split document/文件分割

• split file by delimiter with csplit

以下命令将”2.txt”文件分割并转为以”part”开始的文件，分割符(delimiter)为”>Cluster”。

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csplit -s -f part 2.txt '/^>Cluster/' {*}
#
for Cluster in *.clstr; do csplit -s -f `basename ${Cluster%.clstr}`- ${Cluster} '/^>Cluster/' {*}; done; rename 's/$/\.subclstr/' *-*
ls *.subclstr | rev | cut -b 13-200 | rev | uniq | xargs mkdir
# ls *.subclstr | rev | cut -b 13-200 | rev | uniq | xargs -I {} mv {}*.subclstr {}
# ls *.subclstr | rev | cut -b 13-200 | rev | uniq | xargs -I {} echo {}*.*
for i in *-*.subclstr; do mv ${i} ${i%-*}/; done
#
for i in `find ./ -type f -name "*.subclstr"`; do echo -e `basename ${i}`"\t"`grep ', >' ${i} | wc -l`; done > Subclstr.csv

AWK具有分割字符串的功能，具体见下面的链接。

• split file by delimiter with csplit
• How to Divide Files with split | Linode
• Linux split command help and examples
• 11 Useful split command examples for Linux/UNIX systems
• 【转】linux下awk内置函数的使用(split/substr/length) - myLittleGarden - 博客园，非常清楚的介绍

How To Format USB Drive in Linux Command Line – TecAdmin

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df-h
sudo umount /dev/sdc1
sudo mkfs.vfat /dev/sdc1 # Format with vFat File System
sudo mkfs.ntfs /dev/sdc1
sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdc1

• filesystems - What is the difference between VFAT and FAT32 file systems? - Stack Overflow

> What’s FAT?

FAT may sound like a strange name for a file system, but it’s actually an acronym for File Allocation Table. Introduced in 1981, FAT is ancient in computer terms. Because of its age, most operating systems, including Microsoft Windows NT®, Windows 98, the Macintosh OS, and some versions of UNIX, offer support for FAT.

The FAT file system limits filenames to the 8.3 naming convention, meaning that a filename can have no more than eight characters before the period and no more than three after. Filenames in a FAT file system must also begin with a letter or number, and they can’t contain spaces. Filenames aren’t case sensitive.

> What About VFAT?

Perhaps you’ve also heard of a file system called VFAT. VFAT is an extension of the FAT file system and was introduced with Windows 95. VFAT maintains backward compatibility with FAT but relaxes the rules. For example, VFAT filenames can contain up to 255 characters, spaces, and multiple periods. Although VFAT preserves the case of filenames, it’s not considered case sensitive.

When you create a long filename (longer than 8.3) with VFAT, the file system actually creates two different filenames. One is the actual long filename. This name is visible to Windows 95, Windows 98, and Windows NT (4.0 and later). The second filename is called an MS-DOS® alias. An MS-DOS alias is an abbreviated form of the long filename. The file system creates the MS-DOS alias by taking the first six characters of the long filename (not counting spaces), followed by the tilde [] and a numeric trailer. For example, the filename Brien’s Document.txt would have an alias of BRIEN’1.txt.

An interesting side effect results from the way VFAT stores its long filenames. When you create a long filename with VFAT, it uses one directory entry for the MS-DOS alias and another entry for every 13 characters of the long filename. In theory, a single long filename could occupy up to 21 directory entries. The root directory has a limit of 512 files, but if you were to use the maximum length long filenames in the root directory, you could cut this limit to a mere 24 files. Therefore, you should use long filenames very sparingly in the root directory. Other directories aren’t affected by this limit.

You may be wondering why we’re discussing VFAT. The reason is it’s becoming more common than FAT, but aside from the differences I mentioned above, VFAT has the same limitations. When you tell Windows NT to format a partition as FAT, it actually formats the partition as VFAT. The only time you’ll have a true FAT partition under Windows NT 4.0 is when you use another operating system, such as MS-DOS, to format the partition.

> FAT32

FAT32 is actually an extension of FAT and VFAT, first introduced with Windows 95 OEM Service Release 2 (OSR2). FAT32 greatly enhances the VFAT file system but it does have its drawbacks.

The greatest advantage to FAT32 is that it dramatically increases the amount of free hard disk space. To illustrate this point, consider that a FAT partition (also known as a FAT16 partition) allows only a certain number of clusters per partition. Therefore, as your partition size increases, the cluster size must also increase. For example, a 512-MB FAT partition has a cluster size of 8K, while a 2-GB partition has a cluster size of 32K.

This may not sound like a big deal until you consider that the FAT file system only works in single cluster increments. For example, on a 2-GB partition, a 1-byte file will occupy the entire cluster, thereby consuming 32K, or roughly 32,000 times the amount of space that the file should consume. This rule applies to every file on your hard disk, so you can see how much space can be wasted.

Converting a partition to FAT32 reduces the cluster size (and overcomes the 2-GB partition size limit). For partitions 8 GB and smaller, the cluster size is reduced to a mere 4K. As you can imagine, it’s not uncommon to gain back hundreds of megabytes by converting a partition to FAT32, especially if the partition contains a lot of small files.

> Note: This section of the quote/ article (1999) is out of date. Updated info quote below.

> As I mentioned, FAT32 does have limitations. Unfortunately, it isn’t compatible with any operating system other than Windows 98 and the OSR2 version of Windows 95. However, Windows 2000 will be able to read FAT32 partitions.

> The other disadvantage is that your disk utilities and antivirus software must be FAT32-aware. Otherwise, they could interpret the new file structure as an error and try to correct it, thus destroying data in the process.

Finally, I should mention that converting to FAT32 is a one-way process. Once you’ve converted to FAT32, you can’t convert the partition back to FAT16. Therefore, before converting to FAT32, you need to consider whether the computer will ever be used in a dual-boot environment. I should also point out that although other operating systems such as Windows NT can’t directly read a FAT32 partition, they can read it across the network. Therefore, it’s no problem to share information stored on a FAT32 partition with other computers on a network that run older operating systems.

Installation of fonts for WPS

　　根据linux版wps-office安装缺少的字体 - 程序园执行以下，安装字体。

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sudo dpkg -i /media/ht/ht_5T/Stored_Softs/Cross_Platform_Softs/WPS/Installer/wps-office-fonts_1.0_all.deb

　　下载的系统字体根据Ubuntu下WPS中文字体显示问题 - Webbley - CSDN博客来自pan.baidu.com/s/1o8ujqhc?errno=0&errmsg=Auth%20Login%20Sucess&&bduss=&ssnerror=0&traceid=，文件如下

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/media/ht/ht_5T/Stored_Softs/Cross_Platform_Softs/WPS/Installer/wps_symbol_fonts.zip

　　以下代码应该是构建字库的核心代码，与TeX的字库构建类似。

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# Download /media/ht/ht_5T/Stored_Softs/Cross_Platform_Softs/WPS/Installer/wps_symbol_fonts.zip
sudo cp * /usr/share/fonts # 下载完成之后，解压并且进入目录中，将字体复制到/usr/share/fonts中
# 执行以下3个命令
sudo mkfontscale
sudo mkfontdir
sudo fc-cache
# 重启WPS

　　以下代码安装常用字体

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sudo apt-get install ttf-wqy-microhei #文泉驿-微米黑
sudo apt-get install ttf-wqy-zenhei #文泉驿-正黑
sudo apt-get install xfonts-wqy #文泉驿-点阵宋体

Zotero | Your personal research assistant

• Zotero Connector - Chrome Web Store
• Zotero | Your personal research assistant

Filename sort order wrong in thunar and nemo SOLVED - Linux Mint Forums

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LANG=C
LC_ALL=C

Four Ways to Empty the Trash/Recycle Bin in Ubuntu

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cd .local/share/Trash/
cd files
rm -rf *

iOS connection

• iphone - How do I access iOS camera pictures on Ubuntu? - Ask Ubuntu
• 16.04 - How to sync iphone - Ask Ubuntu
• How to Sync Your iPhone or iPod Touch in Ubuntu

md5sum

Rapid code

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md5sum -c *.md5 # in the current directory, pairs of XXX and XXX.md5 as well

Description

• howto use md5sum - Google Search
• Validating the MD5 Checksum of a File
• md5sum files | –check file - Linux Pocket Guide [Book]
• Linux md5sum Command Explained For Beginners (5 Examples)

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md5sum file1.txt file2.txt file3.txt > hashes # output md5 values to a doc
md5sum --check hashes # check the content of the doc with ".md5" files in the same directory

Comparation of files

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for i in *.tar.gz; do tar zxvf $i; 
#
for i in *.*; do echo $i ../$i; diff $i ../$i; echo '====================='; echo; done

&& and ;

• 在标准的BASH终端中，命令行 与’&&’和’;’符号之间存在差异_ubuntu_帮酷

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false && echo"hello"
#
false ; echo"hello"

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command1 && command2
# 如果( 只有在) command1返回退出状态零，则将执行 command2，而在此行中：
command1 ; command2
regardless和command2都将执行而不执行。 分号允许你在一行中键入许多命令。

Fonts installation

Copy the fonts to /usr/local/share/fonts or a subfolder (such as /usr/local/share/fonts/TTF) and then run sudo fc-cache -fv. There are some graphical programs you can install to make this easier, but I’ve never felt the need to try any of them. The Ubuntu wiki page on Fonts here may be of help too.

Loop/循环

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for ((c=1; c<=$j; c++)); do echo $c;done
#
for i in *.fasta; do cp $i ${i%.*}.fas; done
for Seq in *.fas; do j=`grep '>' ${Seq} | wc -l`; for ((c=1; c<=$j; c++)); do Count="000${c}"; Count=${Count:(-4)}; echo "Seq${Count}";done > ${Seq%.*}.list; done

Collection of xargs containing commands

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echo /etc/dhcpcd.conf ../foo/bar/filename.tar.gz | xargs -n 1 basename | cut -d '.' -f1
#
find ./ -type f | xargs -n 1 basename

Remove duplicated files

• How to Find Duplicate Files in Linux and Remove Them
• bash - How to remove duplicated files in a directory? - Super User
• fdupes - Wikipedia

dupeGuru

• 2 Best ways to Find and Remove Duplicate Files on Ubuntu | CONNECTwww.com

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sudo add-apt-repository ppa:hsoft/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install dupeguru-se

FSlint: GUI tool to find and remove duplicate files

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sudo apt install fslint

FDUPES: CLI tool to find and remove duplicate files

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sudo apt install fdupes

fdupes is the tool of your choice. To find all duplicate files (by content, not by name) in the current directory:

fdupes -r .

To manually confirm deletion of duplicated files:

fdupes -r -d .

To automatically delete all copies but the first of each duplicated file (be warned, this warning, this actually deletes files, as requested):

fdupes -r -f . | grep -v '^$' | xargs rm -v

I’d recommend to manually check files before deletion:

fdupes -rf . | grep -v '^$' > files
... # check files
xargs -a files rm -v

bash - How to remove duplicated files in a directory? - Super User

1. bash 4.x

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#!/bin/bash
declare -A arr
shopt -s globstar

for file in **; do
  [[ -f "$file" ]] || continue

  read cksm _ < <(md5sum "$file")
  if ((arr[$cksm]++)); then 
    echo "rm $file"
  fi
done

This is both recursive and handles any file name. Downside is that it requires version 4.x for the ability to use associative arrays and recursive searching. Remove the echo if you like the results.

2. gawk version

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gawk '
  {
    cmd="md5sum " q FILENAME q
    cmd | getline cksm
    close(cmd)
    sub(/ .*$/,"",cksm)
    if(a[cksm]++){
      cmd="echo rm " q FILENAME q
      system(cmd)
      close(cmd)
    }
    nextfile
  }' q='"' *

Note that this will still break on files that have double-quotes in their name. No real way to get around that with awk. Remove the echo if you like the results.

3. diff version

How to test files having unique content?

if diff "$file1" "$file2" > /dev/null; then
    ...

How can we get list of files in directory?

files="$( find ${files_dir} -type f )"

We can get any 2 files from that list and check if their names are different and content are same.

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#!/bin/bash
# removeDuplicates.sh

files_dir=$1
if [[ -z "$files_dir" ]]; then
    echo "Error: files dir is undefined"
fi

files="$( find ${files_dir} -type f )"
for file1 in $files; do
    for file2 in $files; do
        # echo "checking $file1 and $file2"
        if [[ "$file1" != "$file2" && -e "$file1" && -e "$file2" ]]; then
            if diff "$file1" "$file2" > /dev/null; then
                echo "$file1 and $file2 are duplicates"
                rm -v "$file2"
            fi
        fi
    done
done

For example, we have some dir:

$> ls .tmp -1
all(2).txt
all.txt
file
text
text(2)

So there are only 3 unique files.

Lets run that script:

$> ./removeDuplicates.sh .tmp/
.tmp/text(2) and .tmp/text are duplicates
removed `.tmp/text'
.tmp/all.txt and .tmp/all(2).txt are duplicates
removed `.tmp/all(2).txt'

And we get only 3 files leaved.

$> ls .tmp/ -1
all.txt
file
text(2)

4. Script

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mfilter.sh ./dir | bash

duplicate.sh

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#!/bin/bash

files_dir=$1
if [[ -z "$files_dir" ]]; then
    echo "Error: files dir is undefined"
    exit;
fi

find $files_dir -type f -exec sha1sum \{\} \; > /tmp/list.txt


count=-1
total=0
for l in `cat /tmp/list.txt | awk '{print $1}' | sort | uniq -c | sort -nr`
do
    if [[ $count == -1 ]]
    then
        count=$l
    else 
        hash=$l
        if [[ $count == 1 ]]
        then
            break
        fi
        for f in `grep $hash /tmp/list.txt | awk '{print $2}'`
        do
            echo "rm $f"
        done
        total=`expr $total + $count`
        count=-1
    fi
done

echo "Deleted $total files"
echo

MacOS X version

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#!/bin/bash

files_dir=$1
if [[ -z "$files_dir" ]]; then
    echo "Error: files dir is undefined"
    exit;
fi

find $files_dir -type f -exec openssl sha1 \{\} \; > /tmp/list.txt


count=-1
total=0
for l in `cat /tmp/list.txt | sed 's/SHA1(\(.*\))\= \(.*\)$/\2 \1/' | awk '{print $1}' | sort | uniq -c | sort -nr`
do
    if [[ $count == -1 ]]
    then
        count=$l
    else 
        hash=$l
        if [[ $count == 1 ]]
        then
            break
        fi
        for f in `grep $hash /tmp/list.txt | sed 's/SHA1(\(.*\))\= \(.*\)$/\2 \1/' | awk '{print $2}'`
        do
            if [[ $count > 1 ]]
            then
                echo "removing: $f"
                echo "rm $f"
                count=$((count-1))
            fi
        done
        total=`expr $total + $count`
        count=-1
    fi
done

echo "Deleted $total files"
echo

Ubuntu upgrade

• How to upgrade from Ubuntu 17.10 to 18.04 using an ISO file - Quora
• 11.04 - How to upgrade Ubuntu from an ISO image - Ask Ubuntu

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sudo mkdir -p /media/cdrom  
sudo mount -o loop ~/Desktop/ubuntu-11.04-alternate-i386.iso /media/cdrom
#
gksu "sh /media/cdrom/cdromupgrade"
kdesudo "sh /media/cdrom/cdromupgrade"

拼音排序

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编辑 /etc/environment 文件，添加或者修改：

LC_COLLATE="zh_CN.UTF-8"

alias使用引号

• linux – 具有单引号和双引号的bash alias命令 - 代码日志
• 8.6.1 别名中的单引号和双引号 - 51CTO.COM
• 【合集】如何给含有单引号的命令做alias - 饮水思源

使用\或在/usr/bin中设置命令

Backup/sync How to Use Rsync to Sync New or Changed/Modified Files in Linux

rsync options source destination

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Source=/home/ht/Downloads/NFE2/ # 一定确保最后一个字符是`/`
Destination=/media/ht/ht_5T/Work/Projects/NFE/Seq/ # 最后一个字符可以不是`/`
#
Source=
Destination=
rsync -au --update ${Source} ${Destination}
#
rsync -auv --update ${Source} ${Destination} # 显示详细过程
rsync -auP --update ${Source} ${Destination} # 显示过程
#
rsync -auvn --update ${Source} ${Destination} # -n for testing

Upgrade

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software-properties-gtk # Software & Updates
         # Configure the sources for installable software and updates
update-manager # Software Updates
do-release-upgrade

apt upgrade problem in Mini

• 解决package ～ is not configured yet - CSDN博客

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sudo mv /var/lib/dpkg/info/ /var/lib/dpkg/info_old/ 
sudo mkdir /var/lib/dpkg/info/ 
sudo apt-get update 
sudo apt-get -f install

设置终端的位置和大小

1. Can a Terminal window be resized with a Terminal command? - Ask Different

   resize -s 30 80
   printf ‘\e[8;50;100t’

• Bash command to change size of bash window - Stack Overflow

2. x11 - How can I set the position that terminal opens at? - Unix & Linux Stack Exchange

How to uninstall LibreOffice?

sudo apt-get remove --purge libreoffice*
sudo apt-get clean
sudo apt-get autoremove

• 3 Ways to Uninstall Ubuntu Software - wikiHow

Font of Terminal

`Lucida Console`

Screensaver in Lubuntu

configuration - Configure screensaver in Ubuntu - Ask Ubuntu

Installing XScreenSaver

Open a terminal and run the following command to uninstall gnome-screensaver:

sudo apt-get remove gnome-screensaver

Install XScreenSaver and some additional screensaver packages with the following command:

sudo apt-get install xscreensaver xscreensaver-data-extra xscreensaver-gl-extra

Configuring your screensaver

After installation, perform a search in the Dash for Screensaver. Launch the Screensaver utility and use it to configure XScreenSaver and select your screensaver settings.

The Screensaver utility will prompt you to stop the gnome-screensaver process and launch the xscreensaver background process when you start it.

By default, XScreenSaver will choose a random screensaver each time it starts. You can specify the screensavers it chooses from or enable “Only One Screensaver” mode to always use your favorite screensaver.

enter image description here

Adding to Startup

To actually use the screensavers, you’ll want XScreenSaver to start in the background each time you log in. If it doesn’t start, it can’t notice your system is idle and launch screensavers.

Get started by launching the Startup Applications utility from the Dash. Add a startup program with the following command. The name and comment here can be anything you like:

xscreensaver -nosplash

xscreenserver

Reverting Your Changes

Reverting these changes is simple. Just run these commands to uninstall XScreenSaver and reinstall gnome-screensaver:

sudo apt-get remove xscreensaver xscreensaver-data-extra xscreensaver-gl-extra
sudo apt-get install gnome-screensaver

Source and more about: How to Add Screensavers to Ubuntu 12.04.

替换Windows的回车

Linux下转换Windows换行符-skykiker-ChinaUnix博客

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sed -i 's/\r//' ${Input} # 替换Windows的回车

linux shell下除了某个文件外的其他文件全部删除的命令

最简单的方法是

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shopt -s extglob      （打开extglob模式）
rm -fr !(file1)

如果是多个要排除的，可以这样：

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rm -rf !(file1|file2) 

Shell中使用变量/Variable

awk内使用"'${}'"的格式，使用变量。双引号在外面，单引号在里面。

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cat 1.csv | awk '$2 == "'${CDS}'" { print $0 }'
cat 1.csv | awk '$2 == "'${CDS}'" { print }'

Shell数组长度

Shell数组长度

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Shell数组元素个数${#array[@]} 数组的所有元素${array[*]} 字符串长度${#str}

1. 获取数组元素的个数:

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array=(bill chen bai hu);
num=${#array[@]} //获取**数组**元素的个数。

遍历数组就变成非常简单的事情:

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for ((i=0;i<num;i++))
{
echo $array[i];
}

获取数组某一个单元的长度就变成了:

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${#array[i]}

2. 获取数组的所有元素:

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${array[*]}

遍历数组就编程了非常简单的事情:

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for var in ${array[*]}
do
    echo $var;
done

获取数组某一个单元的长度就变成了:

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${#var}

3. 获取字符串的长度:

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str="hello"
len=${#str}

4. 简单方式

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for i in a b c; do echo $i; done

Wechat

linux-x64.md

Screen

• screen
• tmux
• byobu

Byobu：打造多任务的Terminal - 系统应用 - LUPA开源社区

autostart项目中添加byobu-enable。本项加入后，由目录浏览器进入终端将无法直接进入所在目录。

热键说明

• F2 创建新的窗口
• F3 回到先前窗口
• F4:跳到下一个窗口
• F5 重新加载文件
• F6 释放该次对话
• F7 进入 复制/回滚模式
• F8 重新命名一个窗口
• F9 配置菜单，也可以使用组合键Ctrl+a, Ctrl+@

更多信息可以查询man byubu

Hosts

• 关于hosts 2017.9.19号开始的一些问题 | 老D博客
• My Linux

Sublime列模式

苹果：OS X

• 鼠标左键＋Option
• 或者鼠标中键
• 增加选择：Command，减少选择：Command+Shift

Windows：

• 鼠标右键＋Shift
• 或者鼠标中键
• 增加选择：Ctrl，减少选择：Alt

Linux：

• 鼠标右键＋Shift
• 增加选择：Ctrl，减少选择：Alt

Installation of Sublime Text 3

Linux Package Manager Repositories – Sublime Text 3 Documentation

Install the GPG key:

wget -qO - https://download.sublimetext.com/sublimehq-pub.gpg | sudo apt-key add -

Ensure apt is set up to work with https sources:

sudo apt-get install apt-transport-https

Select the channel to use:

• Stable
  echo “deb https://download.sublimetext.com/ apt/stable/“ | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/sublime-text.list

• Dev
  echo “deb https://download.sublimetext.com/ apt/dev/“ | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/sublime-text.list

Update apt sources and install Sublime Text

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install sublime-text


sudo add-apt-repository ppa:webupd8team/sublime-text-3
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install sublime-text-installer

LiveUSB

• Creating Images Of Your Linux System With SystemImager
• installation - Create a customized Ubuntu Live USB - Ask Ubuntu
• How to use Cubic to create a custom Ubuntu live CD image? - Ask Ubuntu

Change to BASH

1

chsh -s /bin/bash

Download from PCS(BCloud)

pcs download /Stored_Softs/Hosts/20170709/Android安卓跟Linux系列/hosts ./hosts

Display graphic card

• Linux Find Out Graphics Card Installed In My System – nixCraft

• How to get information about graphics card (GPU) on Linux

  lspci -vnn | grep VGA -A 12
  sudo lshw -C display

Difference between two directories in Linux

bash - Difference between two directories in Linux - Stack Overflow

diff -r dir1 dir2 | grep dir1 | awk '{print $4}' > difference1.txt

Explanation:

• diff -r dir1 dir2 shows which files are only in dir1 and those only in dir2 and also the changes of the files present in both directories if any.
• diff -r dir1 dir2 | grep dir1 shows which files are only in dir1
• awk to print only filename.

• 找出两个文件之间的不同.html
• 两个文件交集和差集的办法.txt

Mounting a drive

• How do I add an additional hard drive? - Ask Ubuntu

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sudo fdisk -l

Labelling partition

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########################################
# List labels of partitions connected to the system
########################################
ls -l /dev/disk/by-label
sudo lsblk -o name,mountpoint,label,size,uuid
#
sudo fdisk -l
sudo ntfslabel -f /dev/sdd1 6T_3

terminal - Renaming a Hard Drive - Unix & Linux Stack Exchange

Method 1# using dosfslabel ( As @Macro suggested )

Umount Partition

sudo umount <device>

Set Label using :

sudo dosfslabel <device> label

Method 2# using mtools

Install package using

sudo apt-get install mtools

unmount the external drive, Partitions generally need to be unmounted before you can fiddle with them, so unmount the partition of the device you want to change the label for:

sudo umount <device>

where device name can be /dev/sdbx, you can find in sudo fdisk -lCheck the current label

sudo mlabel -i <device> -s ::

Note that we’re using the special “::” drive which allows us to specify the device descriptor on the command line; otherwise we’d have to edit ~/.mtoolsrc to assign a drive letter.

Change the label

sudo mlabel -i <device> ::<label>

apt-get update errors - 50unattended-upgrades.ucf-dist

      sudo rm /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/50unattended-upgrades.ucf-dist

恢复删除文件

• 使用 Linux 文件恢复工具

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sudo apt-get install testdisk
#
sudo apt-get install scalpel

Backup

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cd /
sudo tar -cvpzf /media/ht/ht_5T/`hostname`_Backup_`date +%Y%m%d%H%M%S`.tgz --exclude=/proc --exclude=/lost+found --exclude=/linuxbackup.tgz --exclude=/mnt --exclude=/media --exclude=/sys --exclude=/home/ht/Downloads --exclude=/home/ht/Documents  --one-file-system /

Restore

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sudo su
cd /
# tar xvpfz linuxbackup.tgz -C /
Input=/media/ht/ht_5T/Stored_Softs/Backup/ht-Dell-BioLinux_Backup_20170120221149.tgz
sudo tar xvpfz "$Input" -C / 
#
mkdir proc
mdkir lost+found  
mkdir mnt   
mkdir sys
#
mkdir proc mnt sys lost+found
#
reboot # restart the system when finished the above

EXFAT support

partitioning - How to enable exFAT in Ubuntu 14.04 - Ask Ubuntu

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sudo apt-get install exfat-fuse exfat-utils
#
sudo mkdir /media/exfat
sudo mount -t exfat /dev/sdxx /media/exfat
#
git clone https://github.com/rxrz/exfat-nofuse.git
cd exfat-nofuse
make
sudo make install
#

Hard drive space as memory

How To Use Hard Disk As RAM In Ubuntu Linux - Subin’s Blog

How To Use Hard Disk As RAM In Ubuntu Linux

Operating System » Windows » How To Use Hard Disk As RAM In Ubuntu Linux

Hard Disk, Memory, RAM, Terminal, Tip, Trick

Published September 22, 2013

I heard that it is possible to use a portion of hard disk as RAM in Windows. I wondered if this trick is available for Ubuntu, so I googled about it and couldn’t find anything related to it. But I found out an AskUbuntu answer of using USB sticks as RAM. I did the same trick on Hard Disk and it works !!
This trick can be accomplished with the use of some small commands in Terminal. The RAM memory increase can’t be noted in the System**Monitor** application.So, Let’s begin.
Create a file of 512**MB** (The 512 indicates the RAM memory to be added): dd if=/dev/zero of=~/subinsblog bs=4096 count=131072

The yellow background text above shows the count of the file we are going to create. This count and bs determines the file size. This is how I got the count :

512 * 1024^2 / 4096 = 131072

The yellow background text above shows the file size we need to create in Mega Bytes (MB). If you need to create SWAP space with more than 512 MB change the yellow background text above to the MB you want and get the result of the calculation. The result is the count.
Example of 1 GB :

1024 * 1024^2 / 4096 = 262144

and the command will become :

dd if=/dev/zero of=~/subinsblog bs=4096 count=262144

The command will create a file named subinsblog on your home directory.

Now let’s create the SWAP space on the file and enable the SWAP:

sudo mkswap ~/subinsblog -f && sudo swapon -p 1000 ~/subinsblog

You’re RAM**Memory** is now increased. To check whether if it is increased, do the following command :

free -m

You will get a result like below :

PDF manipulation

See
PDFtk

Preference missing

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alacarte

微软雅黑字体安装脚本

　　终端选用Ubuntu Mono Regular。

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wget -O get-fonts.sh.zip http://files.cnblogs.com/DengYangjun/get-fonts.sh.zip 
unzip -o get-fonts.sh.zip 1>/dev/null 
sudo chmod a+x get-fonts.sh 
./get-fonts.sh

Ubuntu 14.04 遇到incompatible with the Avahi network service discovery 解决

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sudo -i

gedit /etc/default/avahi-daemon

# 将

AVAHI_DAEMON_DETECT_LOCAL=1
# 改成
AVAHI_DAEMON_DETECT_LOCAL=0

apt-fast

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# Ubuntu 14.04 and later versions
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:saiarcot895/myppa  
sudo apt-get update  
sudo apt-get install apt-fast  
# Ubuntu 11.04~13.10 (out of date)
sudo apt-get install axel aria2
sudo apt-add-repository ppa:apt-fast/stable
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install apt-fast

Upgrade from ISO

» 利用 ISO 镜像来离线升级 Ubuntu Wow! Ubuntu

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sudo mount -t iso9660 -o loop ~/maverick-alternate-i386.iso /cdrom
sudo /cdrom/cdromupgrade

Configuration of LXDE (Lubuntu)

1. LXDE-OPENBOX GUIDE
2. LXPanel - LXDE.org

Hibernate

sudo pm-hibernate
Win-H

wget下载整个目录（迭代）

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Site="http://www.ormbunkar.se/aliview/downloads/"
wget -r -np ${Site}
#
wget -c -r -nd -np -k -L -p -A c,h . http://pbil.univ-lyon1.fr/software/SeqinR/SEQINR_CRAN/DOC/html/
wget -r -p -np -k -P . http://pbil.univ-lyon1.fr/software/SeqinR/SEQINR_CRAN/DOC/html/
wget -nH --cut-dirs=* -m --ftp-user=* --ftp-password=* ftp://*.*.*.*/*

    -nH：不创建以主机名命名的目录。
    --cut-dirs：忽略主机上的目录层数。
    -m：下载所有子目录并且保留目录结构。
    --ftp-user：FTP用户名
    --ftp-password：FTP密码
    `ftp://*.*.*.*/*` FTP主机地址。最后可以跟目录名来下载指定目录。

Office Suite

可能这部分归入Media Management比较合理。

压缩和解压缩命令汇总(Compress)

Linux下解压命令大全

gz文件浏览
less and cat
less 1.fastq.gz

.tar

解包：tar xvf FileName.tar
打包：tar cvf FileName.tar DirName
（注：tar是打包，不是压缩！）

.gz

解压1：gunzip FileName.gz
解压2：gzip -d FileName.gz
压缩：gzip FileName

.tar.gz 和 .tgz

解压：tar zxvf FileName.tar.gz
压缩：tar zcvf FileName.tar.gz DirName

.bz2

解压1：bzip2 -d FileName.bz2
解压2：bunzip2 FileName.bz2
压缩： bzip2 -z FileName

.tar.bz2

解压：tar jxvf FileName.tar.bz2
压缩：tar jcvf FileName.tar.bz2 DirName

.bz

解压1：bzip2 -d FileName.bz
解压2：bunzip2 FileName.bz
压缩：未知

.tar.bz

解压：tar jxvf FileName.tar.bz
压缩：未知

.Z

解压：uncompress FileName.Z
压缩：compress FileName
.tar.Z

解压：tar Zxvf FileName.tar.Z
压缩：tar Zcvf FileName.tar.Z DirName

.zip

解压：unzip FileName.zip
压缩：zip FileName.zip DirName

.rar

解压：rar x FileName.rar
压缩：rar a FileName.rar DirName

.lha

解压：lha -e FileName.lha
压缩：lha -a FileName.lha FileName

.rpm

解包：rpm2cpio FileName.rpm | cpio -div

.deb

解包：ar p FileName.deb data.tar.gz | tar zxf -

.tar .tgz .tar.gz .tar.Z .tar.bz .tar.bz2 .zip .cpio .rpm .deb .slp .arj .rar .ace .lha .lzh .lzx .lzs .arc .sda .sfx .lnx .zoo .cab .kar .cpt .pit .sit .sea

解压：sEx x FileName.*
压缩：sEx a FileName.* FileName

sEx只是调用相关程序，本身并无压缩、解压功能，请注意！

gzip 命令

减少文件大小有两个明显的好处，一是可以减少存储空间，二是通过网络传输文件时，可以减少传输的时间。gzip 是在 Linux 系统中经常使用的一个对文件进行压缩和解压缩的命令，既方便又好用。

语法：gzip [选项] 压缩（解压缩）的文件名该命令的各选项含义如下：

-c 将输出写到标准输出上，并保留原有文件。-d 将压缩文件解压。-l 对每个压缩文件，显示下列字段： 压缩文件的大小；未压缩文件的大小；压缩比；未压缩文件的名字-r 递归式地查找指定目录并压缩其中的所有文件或者是解压缩。-t 测试，检查压缩文件是否完整。-v 对每一个压缩和解压的文件，显示文件名和压缩比。-num 用指定的数字 num 调整压缩的速度，-1 或 –fast 表示最快压缩方法（低压缩比），-9 或–best表示最慢压缩方法（高压缩比）。系统缺省值为 6。指令实例：

gzip *% 把当前目录下的每个文件压缩成 .gz 文件。gzip -dv *% 把当前目录下每个压缩的文件解压，并列出详细的信息。gzip -l *% 详细显示例1中每个压缩的文件的信息，并不解压。gzip usr.tar% 压缩 tar 备份文件 usr.tar，此时压缩文件的扩展名为.tar.gz。

linux-tar分卷压缩与解压缩 (2012-09-30 20:27:28)转载▼
标签： 举例说明 命令 文件 分包 分卷 育儿 分类： 工作相关
举例说明：
要将目录logs打包压缩并分割成多个1M的文件，可以用下面的命令：
tar cjf - logs/ |split -b 1m - logs.tar.bz2.
完成后会产生下列文件：
logs.tar.bz2.aa, logs.tar.bz2.ab, logs.tar.bz2.ac
要解压的时候只要执行下面的命令就可以了：
cat logs.tar.bz2.a* | tar xj

再举例：
要将文件test.pdf分包压缩成500 bytes的文件：
tar czf - test.pdf | split -b 500 - test.tar.gz
最后要提醒但是那两个”-“不要漏了，那是tar的ouput和split的input的参数。
tar cjf - logs/ |split -b 1m - logs.tar.bz2.
完成后会产生下列文件：
logs.tar.bz2.aa, logs.tar.bz2.ab, logs.tar.bz2.ac
要解压的时候只要执行下面的命令就可以了：
cat logs.tar.bz2.a* | tar xj

tar、gzip、unzip命令的详细使用方法备忘

amxku 发表于 2006-08-04, 00:55. 发表在: 技术相关
tar命令

tar可以为文件和目录创建档案。利用tar，用户可以为某一特定文件创建档案（备份文件），也可以在档案中改变文件，或者向档案中加入新的文 件。tar最初被用来在磁带上创建档案，现在，用户可以在任何设备上创建档案，如软盘。利用tar命令，可以把一大堆的文件和目录全部打包成一个文件，这 对于备份文件或将几个文件组合成为一个文件以便于网络传输是非常有用的。Linux上的tar是GNU版本的。

语法：tar [主选项+辅选项] 文件或者目录

使用该命令时，主选项是必须要有的，它告诉tar要做什么事情，辅选项是辅助使用的，可以选用。

主选项：

c 创建新的档案文件。如果用户想备份一个目录或是一些文件，就要选择这个选项。

r 把要存档的文件追加到档案文件的未尾。例如用户已经作好备份文件，又发现还有一个目录或是一些文件忘记备份了，这时可以使用该选项，将忘记的目录或文件追加到备份文件中。

t 列出档案文件的内容，查看已经备份了哪些文件。

u 更新文件。就是说，用新增的文件取代原备份文件，如果在备份文件中找不到要更新的文件，则把它追加到备份文件的最后。

x 从档案文件中释放文件。

辅助选项：

b 该选项是为磁带机设定的。其后跟一数字，用来说明区块的大小，系统预设值为20（20*512 bytes）。

f 使用档案文件或设备，这个选项通常是必选的。

k 保存已经存在的文件。例如我们把某个文件还原，在还原的过程中，遇到相同的文件，不会进行覆盖。

m 在还原文件时，把所有文件的修改时间设定为现在。

M 创建多卷的档案文件，以便在几个磁盘中存放。

v 详细报告tar处理的文件信息。如无此选项，tar不报告文件信息。

w 每一步都要求确认。

z 用gzip来压缩/解压缩文件，加上该选项后可以将档案文件进行压缩，但还原时也一定要使用该选项进行解压缩。

例1：把/home目录下包括它的子目录全部做备份文件，备份文件名为usr.tar。

$ tar cvf usr.tar /home

例2：把/home目录下包括它的子目录全部做备份文件，并进行压缩，备份文件名为usr.tar.gz 。

$ tar czvf usr.tar.gz /home

例3：把usr.tar.gz这个备份文件还原并解压缩。

$ tar xzvf usr.tar.gz

例4：查看usr.tar备份文件的内容，并以分屏方式显示在显示器上。

$ tar tvf usr.tar | more

要将文件备份到一个特定的设备，只需把设备名作为备份文件名。

例5：用户在/dev/fd0设备的软盘中创建一个备份文件，并将/home 目录中所有的文件都拷贝到备份文件中。

$ tar cf /dev/fd0 /home

要恢复设备磁盘中的文件，可使用xf选项：

$ tar xf /dev/fd0

如果用户备份的文件大小超过设备可用的存贮空间，如软盘，您可以创建一个多卷的tar备份文件。M选项指示tar命令提示您使用一个新的存贮设 备，当使用M选项向一个软驱进行存档时，tar命令在一张软盘已满的时候会提醒您再放入一张新的软盘。这样您就可以把tar档案存入几张磁盘中。

$ tar cMf /dev/fd0 /home

要恢复几张盘中的档案，只要将第一张放入软驱，然后输入有x和M选项的tar命令。在必要时您会被提醒放入另外一张软盘。

$ tar xMf /dev/fd0

gzip命令

减少文件大小有两个明显的好处，一是可以减少存储空间，二是通过网络传输文件时，可以减少传输的时间。gzip是在Linux系统中经常使用的一个对文件进行压缩和解压缩的命令，既方便又好用。

语法：gzip [选项] 压缩（解压缩）的文件名

各选项的含义：

-c 将输出写到标准输出上，并保留原有文件。

-d 将压缩文件解压。

-l 对每个压缩文件，显示下列字段：

压缩文件的大小

未压缩文件的大小

压缩比

未压缩文件的名字

-r 递归式地查找指定目录并压缩其中的所有文件或者是解压缩。

-t 测试，检查压缩文件是否完整。

-v 对每一个压缩和解压的文件，显示文件名和压缩比。

-num 用指定的数字num调整压缩的速度，-1或–fast表示最快压缩方法（低压缩比），-9或–best表示最慢压缩方法（高压缩比）。系统缺省值为6。

假设一个目录/home下有文件mm.txt、sort.txt、xx.com。

例1：把/home目录下的每个文件压缩成.gz文件。

$ cd /home

$ gzip *

$ ls

m.txt.gz sort.txt.gz xx.com.gz

例2：把例1中每个压缩的文件解压，并列出详细的信息。

$ gzip -dv *

mm.txt.gz 43.1%—–replaced with mm.txt

sort.txt.gz 43.1%—–replaced with sort.txt

xx.com.gz 43.1%—–replaced with xx.com

$ ls

mm.txt sort.txt xx.com

例3：详细显示例1中每个压缩的文件的信息，并不解压。

$ gzip -l *

compressed uncompr. ratio uncompressed_name

277 445 43.1% mm.txt

278 445 43.1% sort.txt

277 445 43.1% xx.com

$ ls

mm.txt.gz sort.txt.gz xx.com.gz

例4：压缩一个tar备份文件，如usr.tar，此时压缩文件的扩展名为.tar.gz

$ gzip usr.tar

$ ls

usr.tar.gz

unzip命令

用MS Windows下的压缩软件winzip压缩的文件如何在Linux系统下展开呢？可以用unzip命令，该命令用于解扩展名为.zip的压缩文件。

语法：unzip [选项] 压缩文件名.zip

各选项的含义分别为：

-x 文件列表 解压缩文件，但不包括指定的file文件。

-v 查看压缩文件目录，但不解压。

-t 测试文件有无损坏，但不解压。

-d 目录 把压缩文件解到指定目录下。

-z 只显示压缩文件的注解。

-n 不覆盖已经存在的文件。

-o 覆盖已存在的文件且不要求用户确认。

-j 不重建文档的目录结构，把所有文件解压到同一目录下。

例1：将压缩文件text.zip在当前目录下解压缩。

$ unzip text.zip

例2：将压缩文件text.zip在指定目录/tmp下解压缩，如果已有相同的文件存在，要求unzip命令不覆盖原先的文件。

$ unzip -n text.zip -d /tmp

例3：查看压缩文件目录，但不解压。

$ unzip -v text.zip

zgrep命令

这个命令的功能是在压缩文件中寻找匹配的正则表达式，用法和grep命令一样，只不过操作的对象是压缩文件。如果用户想看看在某个压缩文件中有没有某一句话，便可用zgrep命令。

Backup alias

-o (set Output directory) switch

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7z x archive.zip -oc:\Doc

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alias 7zb='7z a ${PWD##*/}_backup-passwd_`date +%Y%m%d%H%M%S`.7z *'

alias 7zz='7z a -p13811526007 ${PWD##*/}_backup-passwd_`date +%Y%m%d%H%M%S`.7z *'

alias keybindbackup='sudo 7z a -p13811526007 ~/Desktop/Keybind-`uname -n`_`date +%Y%m%d%H%M%S`.7z ~/.zshrc ~/.bashrc ~/.config/openbox/* /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/hosts /boot/grub/grub.cfg'

alias logback='sudo 7z a -p13811526007 ~/Desktop/Log-`uname -n`_`date +%Y%m%d%H%M%S`.7z /var/log/'

alias backup='cd / && sudo tar cvpzf `uname -n`_LinuxBackup.tgz --exclude=/proc --exclude=/lost+found --exclude=/linuxbackup.tgz --exclude=/mnt --exclude=/media --exclude=/home/ht/.thunderbird --exclude=/sys /'`

Application Installation

AnyDesk

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axel https://download.anydesk.com/linux/anydesk_6.1.0-1_amd64.deb
#
wget -rnp https://download.anydesk.com/linux/ # Debian package available via the download

• Remote Desktop Software for Linux – AnyDesk

Hackage: The Haskell Package Repository

• Introduction | Hackage

Hackage is the Haskell community’s central package archive of open source software. Hackage has been online since January 2007 and is constantly growing. You can publish libraries and programs or download and install packages with tools like cabal-install (or via your distro’s package manager).

• 2.1. Configuration — Cabal 3.3.0.0 User’s Guide
• Cabal/How to install a Cabal package - HaskellWiki

Shashlik/Android emulator

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wget http://static.davidedmundson.co.uk/shashlik/shashlik_0.9.3.deb
wget https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/shashlik-bin/

xml2x 0.4.2 on Hackage - Libraries.io

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cabal install xml2x-0.4.2`

Ubuntu Downloads & Install Instructions for uGet

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sudo add-apt-repository ppa:plushuang-tw/uget-stable
sudo apt update
sudo apt install uget

How to install Calligra 3.0.1 Office Suite on Ubuntu

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sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install calligra
sudo apt-get remove calligra

How to Install OnlyOffice on Ubuntu 16.04 LTS - LinuxBabe

Docker installation

OnlyOffice installation

Yandex

• HOW TO INSTALL YANDEX BROWSER IN UBUNTU 16.04
• Install Yandex Browser on Debian, Ubuntu, Fedora, OpenSUSE, Arch

VYM - View Your Mind

The very latest version you can always get thelatest version directly from
openSUSE BuildService, please check the URL above
(or here: http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/home%3A//insilmaril/)

If you prefer the older “original” Ubuntu packages, you can

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apt-get install vym

There is also a Kubuntu link:

http://packages.debian.org/unstable/kde/vym

YouTube-DL

• Install YouTube-DL - A Command Line Video Download Tool for Linux
• software recommendation - How do I download a YouTube video? - Ask Ubuntu

Ubuntu users can download and install latest youtube-dl version from the webupd8 PPA as shown.

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sudo add-apt-repository ppa:nilarimogard/webupd8
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install youtube-dl
#
sudo apt-get install youtube-dl
#
sudo pip install youtube-dl

Update: Similarly, instead using any third party PPA, you can use curl or wget command to install latest version of youtube-dl script as shown.

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sudo curl https://yt-dl.org/latest/youtube-dl -o /usr/local/bin/youtube-dl
#    OR
sudo wget https://yt-dl.org/downloads/latest/youtube-dl -O /usr/local/bin/youtube-dl

After downloading the script, set the executable permission.

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sudo chmod a+rx /usr/local/bin/youtube-dl

synapse

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sudo add-apt-repository ppa:synapse-core/ppa 
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install synapse

sudo add-apt-repository universe
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install synapse

WeChat【微信】

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cd cp /media/ht/ht_5T/Stored_Softs/Linux_Softs/Not_Classified/
cp /media/ht/ht_5T/Stored_Softs/Linux_Softs/Not_Classified/linux-x64.tar.gz .
tar zxvf linux-x64.tar.gz
sudo ln -s /opt/electronic-wechat/electronic-wechat /usr/local/bin/wechat

如何在Ubuntu中安装electronic-wechat微信客户端 • 系统极客

通过Snap在Ubuntu中安装微信

Snap 使得在 Linux 中安装 electronic-wechat 微信客户端变得非常容易，不过在此之前需要通过如下命令先安装 snapd 和 snapd-xdg-open：

sudo apt install snapd snapd-xdg-open

完成之后就可以使用如下命令安装 electronic-wechat 微信客户端：

sudo snap install electronic-wechat

安装完成后可以在终端中直接执行 electronic-wechat 打开它。当你首次启动它时，需要在手机上扫描二维码登录。

在手机上打开微信扫描二维码之后就可以开始使用了，其功能与 Windows 及 macOS 版本中的微信客户端非常相似，大家自己上手。

XMind

XMind6

http://www.xmind.net/xmind/downloads/xmind-linux-3.5.3.201506180105_amd64.deb

Freemind

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wget -q -O - http://archive.getdeb.net/getdeb-archive.key | sudo apt-key add -
sudo sh -c 'echo "deb http://archive.getdeb.net/ubuntu trusty-getdeb apps" >> /etc/apt/sources.list.d/getdeb.list'
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install freemind

SeaMonkey

HTML editor

• software installation - Why isn’t Mozilla SeaMonkey available in the repositories? How can I install it? - Ask Ubuntu
• How To Install SeaMonkey 2.25 On Ubuntu 14.04,13.10,12.10,12.04, Linux Mint 16,14,13 And Elementary OS 0.2 | LinuxG.net

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echo -e "\ndeb http://downloads.sourceforge.net/project/ubuntuzilla/mozilla/apt all main" | sudo tee -a /etc/apt/sources.list > /dev/null
sudo apt-key adv --recv-keys --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com C1289A29
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install seamonkey-mozilla-build

Calibre [^Calibre]

Installation via synaptic

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sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install synaptic
#
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:n-muench/calibre2
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install calibre
##################
# One-liner
##################
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:n-muench/calibre2; sudo apt-get update; sudo apt-get install calibre

[^Calibre]: software installation - How to install Calibre on Ubuntu 12.04 - Ask Ubuntu
calibre - Download for linux

vokoscreen

• vkohaupt/vokoscreen: vokoscreen is an easy to use screencast creator to record educational videos, live recordings of browser, installation, videoconferences, etc.

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sudo apt install vokoscreen

SimpleScreenRecorder

Main page - SimpleScreenRecorder - Maarten Baert’s website

Install ‘simplescreenrecorder’ and optionally ‘simplescreenrecorder-lib:i386’ (if you want to record 32-bit OpenGL applications on a 64-bit system) from the SimpleScreenRecorder PPA:

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sudo add-apt-repository ppa:maarten-baert/simplescreenrecorder
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install simplescreenrecorder
# if you want to record 32-bit OpenGL applications on a 64-bit system:
sudo apt-get install simplescreenrecorder-lib:i386
##################
# One-liner
##################
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:maarten-baert/simplescreenrecorder; sudo apt-get update; sudo apt-get install simplescreenrecorder

You should copy-paste these commands to a terminal line by line rather than all at once, otherwise it won't work.

Alternatively, you can install the simplescreenrecorder package from GetDeb.

Shutter

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sudo apt-get install libgd-perl  
sudo apt-get install libdata-random-perl  
sudo apt-get install libnet-dropbox-api-perl  
sudo apt-get install shutter

TeamViewer

下载的64位deb文件无法在64位机安装。

Installation of Google Drive

An Official Google Drive for Linux is Here, Sort Of — Maybe This Is All We’ll Ever Get

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sudo apt-get install golang git mercurial
go get github.com/rakyll/drive

Dock

Installation

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sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ricotz/docky 
sudo apt-get update 
sudo apt-get install plank
##################
# One-liner
##################
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ricotz/docky; sudo apt-get update; sudo apt-get install plank

Removal

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sudo add-apt-repository -r ppa:ricotz/docky 
sudo apt-get remove plank

Configuration

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~/.config/plank/dock1/settings

Cairo-Dock

Home Lubuntu 64 bit

lubuntu 14.04 - cairo-dock missfunctions - Ask Ubuntu
This is caused by compositing emulation provided by Cairo Dock. By right you should use real composition for jobs like this.

1. This is how you can get composition in Lubuntu 14.04

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sudo apt-get install compton

• Go to Applications menu, Preferences, Default Applications for Lxsession.
• Go to autostart, add another startup process compton -b

Log out and log in back then you should able to use the dock nicely after disable Composition Emulation in Cairo settings.

== Enable the PPA in your list of repositories ==
Execute the following commands in a terminal (be careful when you copy-paste, the 2nd line is quite long so it may appear cut in your browser, but it’s a single line) :

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sudo -v
echo "deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/cairo-dock-team/ppa/ubuntu $(lsb_release -sc) main ## Cairo-Dock-PPA" | sudo tee -a /etc/apt/sources.list
sudo apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys E80D6BF5
sudo apt-get update

== Install the dock ==
Execute the following command in a terminal:

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sudo add-apt-repository ppa:cairo-dock-team/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install cairo-dock cairo-dock-plug-ins

Removal of black box

1. apt-get install xcompmgr
2. gconftool-2 –type bool –set /apps/metacity/general/compositing_manager true

Plank

Plank (Simplest Dock)

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sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ricotz/docky
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install plank
# 移除命令：
sudo add-apt-repository -r ppa:ricotz/docky
sudo apt-get remove plank

Removal of Cairo-Dock

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sudo apt-get purge cairo-dock cairo-dock-plug-ins && sudo apt-get autoremove
#
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:cairo-dock-team/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install cairo-dock cairo-dock-plug-ins

• 13.04 - how to completely remove cairo dock and reinstall it - Ask Ubuntu

Plank

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sudo apt-add-repository ppa:ricotz/docky
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install plank

sudo gedit ~/.config/plank/dock1/settings
~/.config/plank/dock1/settings

大家可以根据介绍来进行配置，其中position 选项是指Plank 的显示位置，其可能值为：

• 0 = 左边
• 1 = 右边
• 2 = 顶部
• 3 = 底部

配置完之后保存退出即可。

Plank 更换主题说明：

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Plank 是支持皮肤主题功能的，皮肤主题文件位于**~/.config/plank/theme/**中，如果你想修改主题请先对现有的主题进行备份：

    cp -r ~/.config/plank/theme/dock.theme dock.theme.pak
    cp -r ~/.config/plank/theme/hover.theme hover.theme.pak

然后到deviantart 上去下载主题（[here](http://browse.deviantart.com/customization/skins/linuxutil/applications/docks/?qh=§ion=&q=plank)），下载的皮肤是一个zip 包，解压后你能看到里面有一个隐藏文件夹**.config** ，把它替换覆盖～/即可。

如果你想要换回原来的主题，那么运行：

    cp mv ~/.config/plank/theme/dock.theme.pak dock.theme
    cp mv ~/.config/plank/theme/hover.theme.pak hover.theme

Grive

Installation Steps of grive-tools

• Mount Google drive in Ubuntu 14.04 LTS

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Step:1 Add grive-tools PPA using below Command :
$ sudo add-apt-repository ppa:thefanclub/grive-tools
Step:2 Update the list
$ sudo apt-get update
Step:3 Install grive-tools
$ sudo apt-get install grive-tools

Setup

1. Authensization (https://accounts.google.com/o/oauth2/approval?as=-72d47375b4225e7&hl=en_US&pageId=none&xsrfsign=APsBz4gAAAAAVK3V3C0l60VyW17PDz7Cuh2Acp-b037t4/Vn0StdhN3vT2FawKUlmZoiikpLHmgVYmuxB-npg8YSM.8gjnFN3GsB0RgrKXntQAax1qZOuNlQI)

Chromium

PPA

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deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/chromium-daily/stable/ubuntu trusty main
deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/chromium-daily/stable/ubuntu trusty main

Another PPA (choose one of three)

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sudo add-apt-repository ppa:chromium-daily/stable
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:chromium-daily/dev
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:chromium-daily
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install chromium-browser

Note: If you have some problems upgrading the dev or daily channels you may try this:

1. Close all the chromium trays (if you have any open) or close all the procces tree with the system monitor (or just kill the procces with the terminal).

• Just use one of the channels, don’t add the 3 ppa, becuase they’ll get stuck. The -sudo apt-get install chromium-browser- is the same for all 3
• Erase the old Chromium version at ~/.config/chromium/Default (erase all the Default folder). After you erase it run the apt-get install command again.

Google Chrome

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/usr/bin/google-chrome-unstable %U
/usr/bin/google-chrome-beta %U
/usr/bin/google-chrome-stable %U

QQ with Pidgin (lwqq)

Install On Linux · xiehuc/pidgin-lwqq Wiki · GitHub

Ubuntu via PPA

添加仓库并更新

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$ sudo add-apt-repository ppa:lainme/pidgin-lwqq
$ sudo apt-get update

安装

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$ sudo apt-get install pidgin-lwqq

PPA 也可以用于 Debian，但不保证一定能工作。另外，pidgin-lwqq-unstable 已经不再支持和更新。如果你遇到任何问题，请联系 lainme [lainme993@gmail.com][15]

fcitx

1. 先卸载IBUS输入法

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killall ibus-daemon
sudo apt-get purge ibus ibus-gtk ibus-gtk3 ibus-pinyin* ibus-sunpinyin ibus-table python-ibus
rm -rf ~/.config/ibus

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:fcitx-team/nightly
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install fcitx-sogoupinyin

sudo apt-get install fcitx-sogoupinyin fcitx-pinyin fcitx-sunpinyin fcitx-googlepinyin fcitx-table fcitx-table-wubi fcitx-table-wbpy

Downloaders

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sudo apt-get install uget aria2 axel

1. uget

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sudo apt-get install uget aria2

2. JDownloader

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sudo add-apt-repository ppa:jd-team/jdownloader
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install jdownloader-installer jdownloader

3. aria2

aria2：让路由迅雷离线下载

After installation

Monitor adjustment

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setsid chromium-browser /media/ht/ht_5T/Work/References/Computer_Tips/Linux_Tips/Not_Classified/Display_Resolution_Adjustment_in_Lubuntu.html
subl /media/ht/ht_5T/Work/References/Computer_Tips/Linux_Tips/Not_Classified/Display_Resolution_Adjustment_in_Lubuntu.Rmd

Application installation

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