My Linux (Mirror)

Site=ftp://ht@192.168.1.${i}:2121/DCIM; nemo -n ${Site} # DCIM/Camera Directory
#
Site='/run/user/1000/gvfs/ftp:host=192.168.1.'${i}',port=2121,user=ht/'; Site=${Site}"DCIM"; nemo -n ${Site}; cd ${Site}

Download Directory

Site=ftp://ht@192.168.1.${i}:2121/Download; nemo -n ${Site} # Download directory
#
i='/run/user/1000/gvfs/ftp:host=192.168.1.8,port=2121,user=ht/'
#
Site='/run/user/1000/gvfs/ftp:host=192.168.1.'${i}',port=2121,user=ht/'; Site=${Site}"Download"; nemo -n ${Site}; cd ${Site}

百度网盘

1
2
3

Site=ftp://ht@192.168.1.${i}:2121/BaiduNetdisk; nemo -n ${Site} # 百度网盘
#
Site='/run/user/1000/gvfs/ftp:host=192.168.1.'${i}',port=2121,user=ht/'; Site=${Site}"BaiduNetdisk"; nemo -n ${Site}; cd ${Site}

微信

1
2
3

Site=ftp://ht@192.168.1.${i}:2121/Android/data/com.tencent.mm/MicroMsg/Download; nemo -n ${Site} # WeChat/Weixin
#
Site='/run/user/1000/gvfs/ftp:host=192.168.1.'${i}',port=2121,user=ht/'; Site=${Site}"Android/data/com.tencent.mm/MicroMsg/Download"; nemo -n ${Site}; cd ${Site}

QQ

1
2
3

Site=ftp://ht@192.168.1.${i}:2121/Android/data/com.tencent.mobileqq/Tencent/QQfile_recv; nemo -n ${Site} ## Mobile QQ
#
Site='/run/user/1000/gvfs/ftp:host=192.168.1.'${i}',port=2121,user=ht/'; Site=${Site}"Android/data/com.tencent.mobileqq/Tencent/QQfile_recv"; nemo -n ${Site}; cd ${Site}

COVID-19

1
2
3

Site=ftp://ht@192.168.1.${i}:2121/Documents/Study/COVID-19; nemo -n ${Site} # COVID-19
#
Site='/run/user/1000/gvfs/ftp:host=192.168.1.'${i}',port=2121,user=ht/'; Site=${Site}"Documents/Study/COVID-19"; nemo -n ${Site}; cd ${Site}

Study Directory

1
2
3

Site=ftp://ht@192.168.1.${i}:2121/Documents/Study/; nemo -n ${Site} # Study
#
Site='/run/user/1000/gvfs/ftp:host=192.168.1.'${i}',port=2121,user=ht/'; Site=${Site}"Documents/Study/"; nemo -n ${Site}; cd ${Site}

Markor Directory

1
2
3

Site=ftp://ht@192.168.1.${i}:2121/Documents/markor/; nemo -n ${Site} # Markor
#
Site='/run/user/1000/gvfs/ftp:host=192.168.1.'${i}',port=2121,user=ht/'; Site=${Site}"Documents/markor/"; nemo -n ${Site}; cd ${Site}

VOA

Site=ftp://ht@192.168.1.${i}:2121/Android/data/vn.innoloop.VOALearningEnglish/cache/audio-cache ## VOA
# /storage/emulated/0/Android/data/vn.innoloop.VOALearningEnglish/cache/audio-cache
#
Site='/run/user/1000/gvfs/ftp:host=192.168.1.'${i}',port=2121,user=ht/'; Site=${Site}"Android/data/vn.innoloop.VOALearningEnglish/cache/"; nemo -n ${Site}; cd ${Site}

COVID-19 data

mkdir `Date`;cd `Date`; nemo -n; \
#
i='https://github.com/CSSEGISandData/COVID-19/trunk/csse_covid_19_data/csse_covid_19_time_series'; time svn checkout ${i}
#
cd ./csse_covid_19_time_series; 7z a ../../COVID-19_`date +%Y%m%d`.7z *.*; cd ../; find ./ -type f -name "*.csv" | xargs -I % mv % ./; rm -r csse_covid_19_time_series/; rm Errata.csv; Corona
#
i='https://github.com/CSSEGISandData/COVID-19/trunk/csse_covid_19_data/csse_covid_19_time_series'; svn checkout ${i}
#
find . -type f -name "*.csv" -exec mv {} ./ \;
#
svn checkout https://github.com/CSSEGISandData/COVID-19/trunk/csse_covid_19_data/csse_covid_19_time_series

for i in 'https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CSSEGISandData/COVID-19/master/csse_covid_19_data/csse_covid_19_time_series/time_series_covid19_confirmed_global.csv https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CSSEGISandData/COVID-19/master/csse_covid_19_data/csse_covid_19_time_series/time_series_covid19_deaths_global.csv https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CSSEGISandData/COVID-19/master/csse_covid_19_data/csse_covid_19_time_series/time_series_covid19_recovered_global.csv https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CSSEGISandData/COVID-19/master/csse_covid_19_data/csse_covid_19_time_series/time_series_covid19_confirmed_US.csv https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CSSEGISandData/COVID-19/master/csse_covid_19_data/csse_covid_19_time_series/time_series_covid19_deaths_US.csv'; do wget ${i}; done
#
i='https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CSSEGISandData/COVID-19/master/csse_covid_19_data/csse_covid_19_time_series/time_series_covid19_confirmed_global.csv https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CSSEGISandData/COVID-19/master/csse_covid_19_data/csse_covid_19_time_series/time_series_covid19_deaths_global.csv https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CSSEGISandData/COVID-19/master/csse_covid_19_data/csse_covid_19_time_series/time_series_covid19_recovered_global.csv https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CSSEGISandData/COVID-19/master/csse_covid_19_data/csse_covid_19_time_series/time_series_covid19_confirmed_US.csv https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CSSEGISandData/COVID-19/master/csse_covid_19_data/csse_covid_19_time_series/time_series_covid19_deaths_US.csv'; setsid chromium-browser --new-window ${i}
#
i=
Site=ftp://ht@192.168.1.${i}:2121/Documents/Study/COVID-19; nemo -n ${Site} # COVID-19

以上文本不来自My_Linux.html。

亟待解决的问题

Remote control
- openSSH
- Remote control between Windows and Linux
NGS pipeline

Installation log

SoftEtherVPN

SoftEtherVPN Daily Builds : Dmitry Verkhoturov

1
2
3

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:paskal-07/softethervpn
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt install softether-vpnserver

Signing key:
4096R/F000B3D6E5C089EDE248DC0EA36194BE91291215 (What is this?)
Fingerprint:
F000B3D6E5C089EDE248DC0EA36194BE91291215

WINE

How to Install Wine on Ubuntu 18.04 LTS

1	sudo apt install wine64

zotero

installation [Zotero Documentation]

Extract bz2 pack
Move directory to /opt/
run “set_launcher_icon”
run “ln -s /opt/zotero/zotero.desktop ~/.local/share/applications/zotero.desktop”

djvu viewer

1
2
3

sudo apt install djview
#
sudo apt install djvulibre-bin

VLC

How to Install VLC Media Player on Ubuntu Linux

1	sudo snap install vlc

1
2
3

sudo apt install snapd
snap install vlc --classic
sudo apt-get install snapd snapd-xdg-open

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:videolan/stable-daily
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install vlc
# Beta version
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:videolan/master-daily
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install vlc
#
sudo apt-get install gstreamer1.0-plugins-bad # Update: found a fix

live usb - How to install the MPEG-4 AAC decoder and the H.264 decoder? - Ask Ubuntu

`FileZilla`

sudo sh -c 'echo "deb http://archive.getdeb.net/ubuntu xenial-getdeb apps" >> /etc/apt/sources.list.d/getdeb.list'
wget -q -O - http://archive.getdeb.net/getdeb-archive.key | sudo apt-key add -
sudo apt update
sudo apt install filezilla

HandBrake

How to Install HandBrake Video Converter on Ubuntu

1	sudo apt-get install handbrake

`CopyQ`/Clipboard manager

Keyword, clipboard, multiple

1
2
3

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:noobslab/indicators
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install copyq

`ncbi-genome-download`

1	conda install -c bioconda ncbi-genome-download

`hugin`

1
2
3

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ubuntuhandbook1/apps
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install hugin

`silversearcher-ag`

1	sudo apt-get install silversearcher-ag

`amule` installation

1	sudo apt install amule

Planner from Apps/Planner/Downloads - GNOME Wiki!, Vision, Bio-Linux

Configuration

中文输入法

fcitx-【】

eval

subl /usr/share/fcitx/data/punc.mb.zh_CN
#
. 。
, ，
? ？
" “ ”
: ：
; ；
' ‘ ’
< 《
> 》
\ 、
! ！
$ ￥
^ ……
* ×
_ ——
( （
) ）
[ 【
] 】
~ ～

Bibus

Pubmed

Go to Edit -> Preferences, check Advanced preferences, select tab PubMed
Change “http” to “https”
Press OK

Default Applications for LXSession

Installation from lubuntu-software-center

Terminal

  lxsession-default-terminal %s # for Ubuntu (GNOME Terminal)
  lxterminal %s # for Lubuntu
  x-terminal-emulator %s

Printer installation

怎么在Linux上安装打印机驱动（以Ubuntu为例） – WTF Daily Blog

1 2	cd /media/ht/ht_5T/Stored_Softs/Linux_Softs/HPLIP sudo sh /media/ht/ht_5T/Stored_Softs/Linux_Softs/HPLIP/hplip-3.18.6.run

openbox –reconfigure

修改~/.config/openbox/lubuntu...后执行openbox --reconfigure可以避免reboot

z-command

zcommands: Read gzip Compressed Text Files On a Fly - nixCraft

eval

zless data.txt.gz
zmore data.txt.gz
zcat file.gz
zdiff file1.gz file2.gz
zcmp file1.gz file2.gz
zegrep -w '^word1|word2' file.gz
zgrep 'wordToSearch' file.gz

grep in compressed gz file

eval

1	zgrep "something" gz_file

sed in compressed gz file

eval

1	gunzip -c 20110203.1104.gz \| sed -n '1p;$p'

Keyboard shortcut in Ubuntu

KeyboardShortcuts - Community Help Wiki

Getting “System program problem detected” pops up regularly after upgrade

gksudo gedit /etc/default/apport
sudo subl /etc/default/apport
sb /etc/default/apport
vi /etc/default/apport
Change enabled=1 to enabled=0, then save and exit.

add-apt-repository

1 2	sudo add-apt-repository ppa:bill-zt/gtkqq sudo add-apt-repository -r ppa:<ppa to remove>

Ign meaning in `apt-get update`

What does ‘Ign’ mean when running an apt-get update? - Ask Ubuntu

Hit means apt checked the timestamps on package list, those match and there are no changes.
Ign means there are no changes in the pdiff index file, it wont bother downloading it again.

FLASH installation in Google Chrome/Chromium and Firefox

Google_Chrome_Learning.md

Tester

Chrome

Open the program Software and Updates
Go to Other Software
Enable (check) Canonical Partners and close Software and Updates
Open up a terminal and run: sudo apt-get update
Now install flash: sudo apt-get install adobe-flashplugin

为Chromium安装Flash player

下载https://get.adobe.com/cn/flashplayer上的Tar包

1.解压下载的tar包解压到需要的位置

1 2	tar xzvf flash_player_ppapi_linux.x86_64.tar.gz -C flash_chrome tar xzvf *.gz -C flash_chrome

2.把libpepflashplayer.so复制到chromium的插件目录:

1	sudo cp libpepflashplayer.so /usr/lib/chromium-browser/plugins/libpepflashplayer.so

3.修改chromium的配置文件:

修改/etc/chromium-browser/default,修改CHROMIUM_FLAGS,修改后大致如下:

# Options to pass to chromium-browser

CHROMIUM_FLAGS="--ppapi-flash-path=/usr/lib/chromium-browser/plugins/libpepflashplayer.so --ppapi-flash-version=22.0.0.209"

这里有一点需要注意:其中ppapi-flash-version=22.0.0.209中的版本号,要与tar包中manifest.json中的版本号对应起来.

4.重启Chromium即可生效

为Firefox安装Flash player

Fast way

Flash plugin for Firefox on Ubuntu 16.04 - Ask Ubuntu

1	sudo apt-get install browser-plugin-freshplayer-pepperflash

解压下载的tar包解压到需要的位置

1	tar xzvf flash_player_ppapi_linux.x86_64.tar.gz -C flash_chrome

libflashplayer.so复制到firefox的插件目录:

1	sudo cp libflashplayer.so /usr/lib/mozilla/plugins/libflashplayer.so

复制flash的配置文件:

1	sudo cp -r usr/* /usr

重启firefox即可。

结语:就这么多,挺简单吧.

Upgrade

1 2	sudo apt-get install update-manager-core sudo do-release-upgrade

You may need to check /etc/update-manager/release-upgrades and change the line:

Prompt=lts
to:

Prompt=normal

VirtualBox

Right Ctrl + C

Insert Guest Additions CD Image

E: Unable to lock the administration directory (/var/lib/dpkg/), is another process using it?

eval

1
2
3

sudo rm /var/lib/apt/lists/lock
sudo rm /var/cache/apt/archives/lock
sudo rm /var/lib/dpkg/lock

How to enable Lubuntu auto login?

Since, Precise Pangolin, lightdm is used as the display manager. Therefore you will have to edit /etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf:

sudo nano /etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf

Edit the file to look like this:

[SeatDefaults]
autologin-user=USERNAME
autologin-user-timeout=0
user-session=Lubuntu
greeter-session=lightdm-gtk-greeter

Replace, USERNAME with the username you want to login as. Save and exit. Upon next reboot your Lubuntu system should automatically log the user in. This procedure works on 12.10 Quantal Quetzal as well. The official how-to can be found here.

My Linux

1	sudo dpkg-reconfigure gdm3

eval

gksu gedit /etc/lightdm/unity-greeter.conf
background=/usr/share/backgrounds/warty-final-ubuntu.png

/etc/lightdm/lightdm-gtk-greeter.conf.d/30_lubuntu.conf

Add user

eval

1
2
3

# adduser tom
# passwd tom
# /etc/pam.d/common-password

Kernel update

The simplest set of instructions I always used for kernel upgrade / downgrade are by ubuntuforums.org user by the name of lykwydchykyn (url modified by me for this post):

Go here: http://kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/
Download 3 (maybe 4) debs to a folder somewhere:

linux-headers-VERSION-NUMBER_all.deb
linux-headers-VERSION-NUMBER_amd64.deb
linux-image-VERSION-NUMBER_amd64.deb
linux-image-extra-VERSION-NUMBER_amd64.deb # if available

Install the debs with whatever package manager front-end you use (is gdebi still around?), or use these commands:

eval

1 2	cd /path/to/folder/where/you/put/the/debs sudo dpkg -i *.deb

Sources:

Screensaver

sudo apt-get remove gnome-screensaver
sudo apt-get install xscreensaver xscreensaver-data-extra xscreensaver-gl-extra

Widgets/Applet

Calender

How To Embed A Google Calendar Widget On Your Linux Desktop Background - Linux Uprising Blog

1	sudo apt install gcalcli conky-all

Screenlets - Easily Add Widgets to Your Linux Desktop

1
2
3

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:screenlets/ppa
sudo apt update
sudo apt install screenlets screenlets-pack-all

`Conky`

Get Desktop Widgets on Ubuntu 18.04 with Conky | Technastic

sudo apt-get install conky-all
sudo apt-add-repository -y ppa:teejee2008/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install conky-manager
#
wget https://launchpad.net/~teejee2008/+archive/ubuntu/ppa/+files/conky-manager_2.4~136~ubuntu16.04.1_amd64.deb
wget https://launchpad.net/~teejee2008/+archive/ubuntu/ppa/+files/conky-manager_2.4~136~ubuntu16.04.1_i386.deb
sudo gdebi conky-manager*.deb

`PlexyDesk`

Plexydesk Brings Desktop Widgets to Ubuntu - OMG! Ubuntu!

1 2	sudo add-apt-repository ppa:plexydesk/plexydesk sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install plexydesk

Alarm/Timer

/media/ht/ht_5T/Stored_Softs/Linux_Softs/Widgets

countdown-0.2.gz
timer-applet-2.1.2.deb

`countdown`

Best Countdown Timer App for Linux - Computing for Geeks

export RELEASE="1.0.0"
wget https://github.com/antonmedv/countdown/releases/download/v$RELEASE/countdown_linux_amd64 -O countdown
#
chmod +x countdown
sudo mv countdown /usr/local/bin
#
countdown 30s
countdown 2h10m30s

`sleep`

nohup sleep 60 && notify-send Timer "Time up" && paplay /usr/share/sounds/freedesktop/stereo/complete.oga &
#
i=3
nohup sleep ${i} && notify-send Timer "Time up \n ${i} Seconds" &
#
alias Timer='nohup sleep ${i} && notify-send Timer "Time up \n ${i} Seconds" &'

`alarm-clock-applet`

1	sudo apt install alarm-clock-applet # the minimal unit is minute

Linux - Fake File Access, Modify and Change TimeStamps - ShellHacks

Change a file’s atime (access time):

$ touch -a –date=”1988-02-15” file.txt
$ touch -a –date=”1988-02-15 01:00” file.txt
$ touch -a –date=”1988-02-15 01:00:17.547775198 +0300” file.txt

Change a file’s mtime (modification time):

$ touch -m –date=”2020-01-20” file.txt
$ touch -m –date=”2020-01-20 23:05” file.txt
$ touch -m –date=”2020-01-20 23:05:43.443117094 +0400” file.txt

Tips

时间戳/timestamp

转换

整理自转换.odt

1	/media/ht/ht_5T/Work/References/Computer_Tips/Linux_Tips/My_Linux/My_Linux.Rmd

opencc

eval

sudo apt-get install opencc
# 如果你更願意體驗最新的版本，請使用ppa：
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:byvoid-kcp/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install opencc
##################
# One-liner
##################
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:byvoid-kcp/ppa; sudo apt-get update; sudo apt-get install opencc

epstopdf

1	for file in `ls *.ps`; do epstopdf $file; done

Split document/文件分割

split file by delimiter with csplit

以下命令将”2.txt”文件分割并转为以”part”开始的文件，分割符(delimiter)为”>Cluster”。

csplit -s -f part 2.txt '/^>Cluster/' {*}
#
for Cluster in *.clstr; do csplit -s -f `basename ${Cluster%.clstr}`- ${Cluster} '/^>Cluster/' {*}; done; rename 's/$/\.subclstr/' *-*
ls *.subclstr | rev | cut -b 13-200 | rev | uniq | xargs mkdir
# ls *.subclstr | rev | cut -b 13-200 | rev | uniq | xargs -I {} mv {}*.subclstr {}
# ls *.subclstr | rev | cut -b 13-200 | rev | uniq | xargs -I {} echo {}*.*
for i in *-*.subclstr; do mv ${i} ${i%-*}/; done
#
for i in `find ./ -type f -name "*.subclstr"`; do echo -e `basename ${i}`"\t"`grep ', >' ${i} | wc -l`; done > Subclstr.csv

AWK具有分割字符串的功能，具体见下面的链接。

How To Format USB Drive in Linux Command Line – TecAdmin

df-h
sudo umount /dev/sdc1
sudo mkfs.vfat /dev/sdc1 # Format with vFat File System
sudo mkfs.ntfs /dev/sdc1
sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdc1

filesystems - What is the difference between VFAT and FAT32 file systems? - Stack Overflow

> What’s FAT?

FAT may sound like a strange name for a file system, but it’s actually an acronym for File Allocation Table. Introduced in 1981, FAT is ancient in computer terms. Because of its age, most operating systems, including Microsoft Windows NT®, Windows 98, the Macintosh OS, and some versions of UNIX, offer support for FAT.

The FAT file system limits filenames to the 8.3 naming convention, meaning that a filename can have no more than eight characters before the period and no more than three after. Filenames in a FAT file system must also begin with a letter or number, and they can’t contain spaces. Filenames aren’t case sensitive.

> What About VFAT?

Perhaps you’ve also heard of a file system called VFAT. VFAT is an extension of the FAT file system and was introduced with Windows 95. VFAT maintains backward compatibility with FAT but relaxes the rules. For example, VFAT filenames can contain up to 255 characters, spaces, and multiple periods. Although VFAT preserves the case of filenames, it’s not considered case sensitive.

When you create a long filename (longer than 8.3) with VFAT, the file system actually creates two different filenames. One is the actual long filename. This name is visible to Windows 95, Windows 98, and Windows NT (4.0 and later). The second filename is called an MS-DOS® alias. An MS-DOS alias is an abbreviated form of the long filename. The file system creates the MS-DOS alias by taking the first six characters of the long filename (not counting spaces), followed by the tilde [~~] and a numeric trailer. For example, the filename Brien’s Document.txt would have an alias of BRIEN’~~1.txt.

An interesting side effect results from the way VFAT stores its long filenames. When you create a long filename with VFAT, it uses one directory entry for the MS-DOS alias and another entry for every 13 characters of the long filename. In theory, a single long filename could occupy up to 21 directory entries. The root directory has a limit of 512 files, but if you were to use the maximum length long filenames in the root directory, you could cut this limit to a mere 24 files. Therefore, you should use long filenames very sparingly in the root directory. Other directories aren’t affected by this limit.

You may be wondering why we’re discussing VFAT. The reason is it’s becoming more common than FAT, but aside from the differences I mentioned above, VFAT has the same limitations. When you tell Windows NT to format a partition as FAT, it actually formats the partition as VFAT. The only time you’ll have a true FAT partition under Windows NT 4.0 is when you use another operating system, such as MS-DOS, to format the partition.

> FAT32

FAT32 is actually an extension of FAT and VFAT, first introduced with Windows 95 OEM Service Release 2 (OSR2). FAT32 greatly enhances the VFAT file system but it does have its drawbacks.

The greatest advantage to FAT32 is that it dramatically increases the amount of free hard disk space. To illustrate this point, consider that a FAT partition (also known as a FAT16 partition) allows only a certain number of clusters per partition. Therefore, as your partition size increases, the cluster size must also increase. For example, a 512-MB FAT partition has a cluster size of 8K, while a 2-GB partition has a cluster size of 32K.

This may not sound like a big deal until you consider that the FAT file system only works in single cluster increments. For example, on a 2-GB partition, a 1-byte file will occupy the entire cluster, thereby consuming 32K, or roughly 32,000 times the amount of space that the file should consume. This rule applies to every file on your hard disk, so you can see how much space can be wasted.

Converting a partition to FAT32 reduces the cluster size (and overcomes the 2-GB partition size limit). For partitions 8 GB and smaller, the cluster size is reduced to a mere 4K. As you can imagine, it’s not uncommon to gain back hundreds of megabytes by converting a partition to FAT32, especially if the partition contains a lot of small files.

> Note: This section of the quote/ article (1999) is out of date. Updated info quote below.

> As I mentioned, FAT32 does have limitations. Unfortunately, it isn’t compatible with any operating system other than Windows 98 and the OSR2 version of Windows 95. However, Windows 2000 will be able to read FAT32 partitions.

> The other disadvantage is that your disk utilities and antivirus software must be FAT32-aware. Otherwise, they could interpret the new file structure as an error and try to correct it, thus destroying data in the process.

Finally, I should mention that converting to FAT32 is a one-way process. Once you’ve converted to FAT32, you can’t convert the partition back to FAT16. Therefore, before converting to FAT32, you need to consider whether the computer will ever be used in a dual-boot environment. I should also point out that although other operating systems such as Windows NT can’t directly read a FAT32 partition, they can read it across the network. Therefore, it’s no problem to share information stored on a FAT32 partition with other computers on a network that run older operating systems.

Installation of fonts for WPS

　　根据linux版wps-office安装缺少的字体 - 程序园执行以下，安装字体。

1	sudo dpkg -i /media/ht/ht_5T/Stored_Softs/Cross_Platform_Softs/WPS/Installer/wps-office-fonts_1.0_all.deb

　　下载的系统字体根据Ubuntu下WPS中文字体显示问题 - Webbley - CSDN博客来自pan.baidu.com/s/1o8ujqhc?errno=0&errmsg=Auth%20Login%20Sucess&&bduss=&ssnerror=0&traceid=，文件如下

1	/media/ht/ht_5T/Stored_Softs/Cross_Platform_Softs/WPS/Installer/wps_symbol_fonts.zip

　　以下代码应该是构建字库的核心代码，与TeX的字库构建类似。

# Download /media/ht/ht_5T/Stored_Softs/Cross_Platform_Softs/WPS/Installer/wps_symbol_fonts.zip
sudo cp * /usr/share/fonts # 下载完成之后，解压并且进入目录中，将字体复制到/usr/share/fonts中
# 执行以下3个命令
sudo mkfontscale
sudo mkfontdir
sudo fc-cache
# 重启WPS

　　以下代码安装常用字体

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2
3

sudo apt-get install ttf-wqy-microhei #文泉驿-微米黑
sudo apt-get install ttf-wqy-zenhei #文泉驿-正黑
sudo apt-get install xfonts-wqy #文泉驿-点阵宋体

Zotero | Your personal research assistant

Filename sort order wrong in thunar and nemo SOLVED - Linux Mint Forums

1 2	LANG=C LC_ALL=C

Four Ways to Empty the Trash/Recycle Bin in Ubuntu

1
2
3

cd .local/share/Trash/
cd files
rm -rf *

iOS connection

`md5sum`

Rapid code

1	md5sum -c *.md5 # in the current directory, pairs of XXX and XXX.md5 as well

Description

1 2	md5sum file1.txt file2.txt file3.txt > hashes # output md5 values to a doc md5sum --check hashes # check the content of the doc with ".md5" files in the same directory

Comparation of files

1
2
3

for i in *.tar.gz; do tar zxvf $i; 
#
for i in *.*; do echo $i ../$i; diff $i ../$i; echo '====================='; echo; done

`&&` and `;`

在标准的BASH终端中，命令行与’&&’和’;’符号之间存在差异_ubuntu_帮酷

1
2
3

false && echo"hello"
#
false ; echo"hello"

command1 && command2
# 如果( 只有在) command1返回退出状态零，则将执行 command2，而在此行中：
command1 ; command2
regardless和command2都将执行而不执行。 分号允许你在一行中键入许多命令。

Fonts installation

Copy the fonts to /usr/local/share/fonts or a subfolder (such as /usr/local/share/fonts/TTF) and then run sudo fc-cache -fv. There are some graphical programs you can install to make this easier, but I’ve never felt the need to try any of them. The Ubuntu wiki page on Fonts here may be of help too.

Loop/循环

for ((c=1; c<=$j; c++)); do echo $c;done
#
for i in *.fasta; do cp $i ${i%.*}.fas; done
for Seq in *.fas; do j=`grep '>' ${Seq} | wc -l`; for ((c=1; c<=$j; c++)); do Count="000${c}"; Count=${Count:(-4)}; echo "Seq${Count}";done > ${Seq%.*}.list; done

Collection of `xargs` containing commands

1
2
3

echo /etc/dhcpcd.conf ../foo/bar/filename.tar.gz | xargs -n 1 basename | cut -d '.' -f1
#
find ./ -type f | xargs -n 1 basename

Remove duplicated files

dupeGuru

2 Best ways to Find and Remove Duplicate Files on Ubuntu | CONNECTwww.com

1
2
3

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:hsoft/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install dupeguru-se

FSlint: GUI tool to find and remove duplicate files

1	sudo apt install fslint

FDUPES: CLI tool to find and remove duplicate files

1	sudo apt install fdupes

fdupes is the tool of your choice. To find all duplicate files (by content, not by name) in the current directory:

fdupes -r .

To manually confirm deletion of duplicated files:

fdupes -r -d .

To automatically delete all copies but the first of each duplicated file (be warned, this warning, this actually deletes files, as requested):

fdupes -r -f . | grep -v '^$' | xargs rm -v

I’d recommend to manually check files before deletion:

fdupes -rf . | grep -v '^$' > files
... # check files
xargs -a files rm -v

bash - How to remove duplicated files in a directory? - Super User

bash 4.x

#!/bin/bash
declare -A arr
shopt -s globstar

for file in **; do
  [[ -f "$file" ]] || continue

  read cksm _ < <(md5sum "$file")
  if ((arr[$cksm]++)); then 
    echo "rm $file"
  fi
done

This is both recursive and handles any file name. Downside is that it requires version 4.x for the ability to use associative arrays and recursive searching. Remove the echo if you like the results.

gawk version

gawk '
  {
    cmd="md5sum " q FILENAME q
    cmd | getline cksm
    close(cmd)
    sub(/ .*$/,"",cksm)
    if(a[cksm]++){
      cmd="echo rm " q FILENAME q
      system(cmd)
      close(cmd)
    }
    nextfile
  }' q='"' *

Note that this will still break on files that have double-quotes in their name. No real way to get around that with awk. Remove the echo if you like the results.

diff version

How to test files having unique content?

if diff "$file1" "$file2" > /dev/null; then
    ...

How can we get list of files in directory?

files="$( find ${files_dir} -type f )"

We can get any 2 files from that list and check if their names are different and content are same.

#!/bin/bash
# removeDuplicates.sh

files_dir=$1
if [[ -z "$files_dir" ]]; then
    echo "Error: files dir is undefined"
fi

files="$( find ${files_dir} -type f )"
for file1 in $files; do
    for file2 in $files; do
        # echo "checking $file1 and $file2"
        if [[ "$file1" != "$file2" && -e "$file1" && -e "$file2" ]]; then
            if diff "$file1" "$file2" > /dev/null; then
                echo "$file1 and $file2 are duplicates"
                rm -v "$file2"
            fi
        fi
    done
done

For example, we have some dir:

$> ls .tmp -1
all(2).txt
all.txt
file
text
text(2)

So there are only 3 unique files.

Lets run that script:

$> ./removeDuplicates.sh .tmp/
.tmp/text(2) and .tmp/text are duplicates
removed `.tmp/text'
.tmp/all.txt and .tmp/all(2).txt are duplicates
removed `.tmp/all(2).txt'

And we get only 3 files leaved.

$> ls .tmp/ -1
all.txt
file
text(2)

Script

1	mfilter.sh ./dir \| bash

duplicate.sh

#!/bin/bash

files_dir=$1
if [[ -z "$files_dir" ]]; then
    echo "Error: files dir is undefined"
    exit;
fi

find $files_dir -type f -exec sha1sum \{\} \; > /tmp/list.txt


count=-1
total=0
for l in `cat /tmp/list.txt | awk '{print $1}' | sort | uniq -c | sort -nr`
do
    if [[ $count == -1 ]]
    then
        count=$l
    else 
        hash=$l
        if [[ $count == 1 ]]
        then
            break
        fi
        for f in `grep $hash /tmp/list.txt | awk '{print $2}'`
        do
            echo "rm $f"
        done
        total=`expr $total + $count`
        count=-1
    fi
done

echo "Deleted $total files"
echo

MacOS X version

#!/bin/bash

files_dir=$1
if [[ -z "$files_dir" ]]; then
    echo "Error: files dir is undefined"
    exit;
fi

find $files_dir -type f -exec openssl sha1 \{\} \; > /tmp/list.txt


count=-1
total=0
for l in `cat /tmp/list.txt | sed 's/SHA1(\(.*\))\= \(.*\)$/\2 \1/' | awk '{print $1}' | sort | uniq -c | sort -nr`
do
    if [[ $count == -1 ]]
    then
        count=$l
    else 
        hash=$l
        if [[ $count == 1 ]]
        then
            break
        fi
        for f in `grep $hash /tmp/list.txt | sed 's/SHA1(\(.*\))\= \(.*\)$/\2 \1/' | awk '{print $2}'`
        do
            if [[ $count > 1 ]]
            then
                echo "removing: $f"
                echo "rm $f"
                count=$((count-1))
            fi
        done
        total=`expr $total + $count`
        count=-1
    fi
done

echo "Deleted $total files"
echo

Ubuntu upgrade

sudo mkdir -p /media/cdrom  
sudo mount -o loop ~/Desktop/ubuntu-11.04-alternate-i386.iso /media/cdrom
#
gksu "sh /media/cdrom/cdromupgrade"
kdesudo "sh /media/cdrom/cdromupgrade"

拼音排序

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编辑 /etc/environment 文件，添加或者修改：

LC_COLLATE="zh_CN.UTF-8"

`alias`使用引号

使用\或在/usr/bin中设置命令

Backup/sync How to Use Rsync to Sync New or Changed/Modified Files in Linux

rsync options source destination

Source=/home/ht/Downloads/NFE2/ # 一定确保最后一个字符是`/`
Destination=/media/ht/ht_5T/Work/Projects/NFE/Seq/ # 最后一个字符可以不是`/`
#
Source=
Destination=
rsync -au --update ${Source} ${Destination}
#
rsync -auv --update ${Source} ${Destination} # 显示详细过程
rsync -auP --update ${Source} ${Destination} # 显示过程
#
rsync -auvn --update ${Source} ${Destination} # -n for testing

Upgrade

eval

software-properties-gtk # Software & Updates
         # Configure the sources for installable software and updates
update-manager # Software Updates
do-release-upgrade

apt upgrade problem in Mini

解决package ～ is not configured yet - CSDN博客

sudo mv /var/lib/dpkg/info/ /var/lib/dpkg/info_old/ 
sudo mkdir /var/lib/dpkg/info/ 
sudo apt-get update 
sudo apt-get -f install

设置终端的位置和大小

Can a Terminal window be resized with a Terminal command? - Ask Different

resize -s 30 80
printf ‘\e[8;50;100t’

Bash command to change size of bash window - Stack Overflow

x11 - How can I set the position that terminal opens at? - Unix & Linux Stack Exchange

How to uninstall LibreOffice?

sudo apt-get remove --purge libreoffice*
sudo apt-get clean
sudo apt-get autoremove

3 Ways to Uninstall Ubuntu Software - wikiHow

Font of Terminal

`Lucida Console`

Screensaver in Lubuntu

configuration - Configure screensaver in Ubuntu - Ask Ubuntu

Installing XScreenSaver

Open a terminal and run the following command to uninstall gnome-screensaver:

sudo apt-get remove gnome-screensaver

Install XScreenSaver and some additional screensaver packages with the following command:

sudo apt-get install xscreensaver xscreensaver-data-extra xscreensaver-gl-extra

Configuring your screensaver

After installation, perform a search in the Dash for Screensaver. Launch the Screensaver utility and use it to configure XScreenSaver and select your screensaver settings.

The Screensaver utility will prompt you to stop the gnome-screensaver process and launch the xscreensaver background process when you start it.

By default, XScreenSaver will choose a random screensaver each time it starts. You can specify the screensavers it chooses from or enable “Only One Screensaver” mode to always use your favorite screensaver.

enter image description here

Adding to Startup

To actually use the screensavers, you’ll want XScreenSaver to start in the background each time you log in. If it doesn’t start, it can’t notice your system is idle and launch screensavers.

Get started by launching the Startup Applications utility from the Dash. Add a startup program with the following command. The name and comment here can be anything you like:

xscreensaver -nosplash

xscreenserver

Reverting Your Changes

Reverting these changes is simple. Just run these commands to uninstall XScreenSaver and reinstall gnome-screensaver:

sudo apt-get remove xscreensaver xscreensaver-data-extra xscreensaver-gl-extra
sudo apt-get install gnome-screensaver

Source and more about: How to Add Screensavers to Ubuntu 12.04.

替换Windows的回车

Linux下转换Windows换行符-skykiker-ChinaUnix博客

1	sed -i 's/\r//' ${Input} # 替换Windows的回车

linux shell下除了某个文件外的其他文件全部删除的命令

最简单的方法是

1 2	shopt -s extglob （打开extglob模式） rm -fr !(file1)

如果是多个要排除的，可以这样：

1	rm -rf !(file1\|file2)

Shell中使用变量/Variable

awk内使用"'${}'"的格式，使用变量。双引号在外面，单引号在里面。

1 2	cat 1.csv \| awk '$2 == "'${CDS}'" { print $0 }' cat 1.csv \| awk '$2 == "'${CDS}'" { print }'

Shell数组长度

1	Shell数组元素个数${#array[@]} 数组的所有元素${array[*]} 字符串长度${#str}

获取数组元素的个数:

1 2	array=(bill chen bai hu); num=${#array[@]} //获取数组元素的个数。

遍历数组就变成非常简单的事情:

for ((i=0;i<num;i++))
{
echo $array[i];
}

获取数组某一个单元的长度就变成了:

1	${#array[i]}

获取数组的所有元素:

1	${array[*]}

遍历数组就编程了非常简单的事情:

for var in ${array[*]}
do
    echo $var;
done

获取数组某一个单元的长度就变成了:

${#var}

获取字符串的长度:

1 2	str="hello" len=${#str}

简单方式

1	for i in a b c; do echo $i; done

Wechat

linux-x64.md

Screen

screen
tmux
byobu

Byobu：打造多任务的Terminal - 系统应用 - LUPA开源社区

autostart项目中添加byobu-enable。本项加入后，由目录浏览器进入终端将无法直接进入所在目录。

热键说明

F2 创建新的窗口
F3 回到先前窗口
F4:跳到下一个窗口
F5 重新加载文件
F6 释放该次对话
F7 进入复制/回滚模式
F8 重新命名一个窗口
F9 配置菜单，也可以使用组合键Ctrl+a, Ctrl+@

更多信息可以查询man byubu

Hosts

Sublime列模式

苹果：OS X

鼠标左键＋Option
或者鼠标中键
增加选择：Command，减少选择：Command+Shift

Windows：

鼠标右键＋Shift
或者鼠标中键
增加选择：Ctrl，减少选择：Alt

Linux：

鼠标右键＋Shift
增加选择：Ctrl，减少选择：Alt

Installation of Sublime Text 3

Linux Package Manager Repositories – Sublime Text 3 Documentation

Install the GPG key:

wget -qO - https://download.sublimetext.com/sublimehq-pub.gpg | sudo apt-key add -

Ensure apt is set up to work with https sources:

sudo apt-get install apt-transport-https

Select the channel to use:

Stable
echo “deb https://download.sublimetext.com/ apt/stable/“ | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/sublime-text.list

Dev
echo “deb https://download.sublimetext.com/ apt/dev/“ | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/sublime-text.list

Update apt sources and install Sublime Text

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install sublime-text


sudo add-apt-repository ppa:webupd8team/sublime-text-3
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install sublime-text-installer

LiveUSB

Change to BASH

eval

1	chsh -s /bin/bash

Download from PCS(BCloud)

pcs download /Stored_Softs/Hosts/20170709/Android安卓跟Linux系列/hosts ./hosts

Display graphic card

Linux Find Out Graphics Card Installed In My System – nixCraft
How to get information about graphics card (GPU) on Linux

lspci -vnn | grep VGA -A 12
sudo lshw -C display

Difference between two directories in Linux

bash - Difference between two directories in Linux - Stack Overflow

diff -r dir1 dir2 | grep dir1 | awk '{print $4}' > difference1.txt

Explanation:

diff -r dir1 dir2 shows which files are only in dir1 and those only in dir2 and also the changes of the files present in both directories if any.
diff -r dir1 dir2 | grep dir1 shows which files are only in dir1
awk to print only filename.

Mounting a drive

How do I add an additional hard drive? - Ask Ubuntu

1	sudo fdisk -l

Labelling partition

eval

########################################
# List labels of partitions connected to the system
########################################
ls -l /dev/disk/by-label
sudo lsblk -o name,mountpoint,label,size,uuid
#
sudo fdisk -l
sudo ntfslabel -f /dev/sdd1 6T_3

terminal - Renaming a Hard Drive - Unix & Linux Stack Exchange

Method 1# using dosfslabel ( As @Macro suggested )

Umount Partition

sudo umount <device>

Set Label using :

sudo dosfslabel <device> label

Method 2# using mtools

Install package using

sudo apt-get install mtools

unmount the external drive, Partitions generally need to be unmounted before you can fiddle with them, so unmount the partition of the device you want to change the label for:

sudo umount <device>

where device name can be /dev/sdbx, you can find in sudo fdisk -lCheck the current label

sudo mlabel -i <device> -s ::

Note that we’re using the special “::” drive which allows us to specify the device descriptor on the command line; otherwise we’d have to edit ~/.mtoolsrc to assign a drive letter.

Change the label

sudo mlabel -i <device> ::<label>

`apt-get update errors - 50unattended-upgrades.ucf-dist`

      sudo rm /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/50unattended-upgrades.ucf-dist

恢复删除文件

使用 Linux 文件恢复工具

eval

1
2
3

sudo apt-get install testdisk
#
sudo apt-get install scalpel

Backup

eval

1
2

cd /
sudo tar -cvpzf /media/ht/ht_5T/`hostname`_Backup_`date +%Y%m%d%H%M%S`.tgz --exclude=/proc --exclude=/lost+found --exclude=/linuxbackup.tgz --exclude=/mnt --exclude=/media --exclude=/sys --exclude=/home/ht/Downloads --exclude=/home/ht/Documents  --one-file-system /

Restore

eval

sudo su
cd /
# tar xvpfz linuxbackup.tgz -C /
Input=/media/ht/ht_5T/Stored_Softs/Backup/ht-Dell-BioLinux_Backup_20170120221149.tgz
sudo tar xvpfz "$Input" -C / 
#
mkdir proc
mdkir lost+found  
mkdir mnt   
mkdir sys
#
mkdir proc mnt sys lost+found
#
reboot # restart the system when finished the above

EXFAT support

partitioning - How to enable exFAT in Ubuntu 14.04 - Ask Ubuntu

eval

sudo apt-get install exfat-fuse exfat-utils
#
sudo mkdir /media/exfat
sudo mount -t exfat /dev/sdxx /media/exfat
#
git clone https://github.com/rxrz/exfat-nofuse.git
cd exfat-nofuse
make
sudo make install
#

Hard drive space as memory

How To Use Hard Disk As RAM In Ubuntu Linux - Subin’s Blog

How To Use Hard Disk As RAM In Ubuntu Linux

Operating System » Windows » How To Use Hard Disk As RAM In Ubuntu Linux

Hard Disk, Memory, RAM, Terminal, Tip, Trick

Published September 22, 2013

I heard that it is possible to use a portion of hard disk as RAM in Windows. I wondered if this trick is available for Ubuntu, so I googled about it and couldn’t find anything related to it. But I found out an AskUbuntu answer of using USB sticks as RAM. I did the same trick on Hard Disk and it works !!
This trick can be accomplished with the use of some small commands in Terminal. The RAM memory increase can’t be noted in the System**Monitor** application.So, Let’s begin.
Create a file of 512**MB** (The 512 indicates the RAM memory to be added): dd if=/dev/zero of=~/subinsblog bs=4096 count=131072

The yellow background text above shows the count of the file we are going to create. This count and bs determines the file size. This is how I got the count :

512 * 1024^2 / 4096 = 131072

The yellow background text above shows the file size we need to create in Mega Bytes (MB). If you need to create SWAP space with more than 512 MB change the yellow background text above to the MB you want and get the result of the calculation. The result is the count.
Example of 1 GB :

1024 * 1024^2 / 4096 = 262144

and the command will become :

dd if=/dev/zero of=~/subinsblog bs=4096 count=262144

The command will create a file named subinsblog on your home directory.

Now let’s create the SWAP space on the file and enable the SWAP:

sudo mkswap ~/subinsblog -f && sudo swapon -p 1000 ~/subinsblog

You’re RAM**Memory** is now increased. To check whether if it is increased, do the following command :

free -m

You will get a result like below :

PDF manipulation

See
PDFtk

Preference missing

alacarte

微软雅黑字体安装脚本

　　终端选用Ubuntu Mono Regular。

eval

wget -O get-fonts.sh.zip http://files.cnblogs.com/DengYangjun/get-fonts.sh.zip 
unzip -o get-fonts.sh.zip 1>/dev/null 
sudo chmod a+x get-fonts.sh 
./get-fonts.sh

Ubuntu 14.04 遇到incompatible with the Avahi network service discovery 解决

eval

sudo -i

gedit /etc/default/avahi-daemon

# 将

AVAHI_DAEMON_DETECT_LOCAL=1
# 改成
AVAHI_DAEMON_DETECT_LOCAL=0

apt-fast

eval

# Ubuntu 14.04 and later versions
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:saiarcot895/myppa  
sudo apt-get update  
sudo apt-get install apt-fast  
# Ubuntu 11.04~13.10 (out of date)
sudo apt-get install axel aria2
sudo apt-add-repository ppa:apt-fast/stable
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install apt-fast

Upgrade from ISO

» 利用 ISO 镜像来离线升级 Ubuntu Wow! Ubuntu

1 2	sudo mount -t iso9660 -o loop ~/maverick-alternate-i386.iso /cdrom sudo /cdrom/cdromupgrade

Configuration of LXDE (Lubuntu)

Hibernate

sudo pm-hibernate
Win-H

wget下载整个目录（迭代）

eval

Site="http://www.ormbunkar.se/aliview/downloads/"
wget -r -np ${Site}
#
wget -c -r -nd -np -k -L -p -A c,h . http://pbil.univ-lyon1.fr/software/SeqinR/SEQINR_CRAN/DOC/html/
wget -r -p -np -k -P . http://pbil.univ-lyon1.fr/software/SeqinR/SEQINR_CRAN/DOC/html/
wget -nH --cut-dirs=* -m --ftp-user=* --ftp-password=* ftp://*.*.*.*/*

    -nH：不创建以主机名命名的目录。
    --cut-dirs：忽略主机上的目录层数。
    -m：下载所有子目录并且保留目录结构。
    --ftp-user：FTP用户名
    --ftp-password：FTP密码
    `ftp://*.*.*.*/*` FTP主机地址。最后可以跟目录名来下载指定目录。

Office Suite

可能这部分归入Media Management比较合理。

压缩和解压缩命令汇总(Compress)

Linux下解压命令大全

gz文件浏览
less and cat
less 1.fastq.gz

.tar

解包：tar xvf FileName.tar
打包：tar cvf FileName.tar DirName
（注：tar是打包，不是压缩！）

.gz

解压1：gunzip FileName.gz
解压2：gzip -d FileName.gz
压缩：gzip FileName

.tar.gz 和 .tgz

解压：tar zxvf FileName.tar.gz
压缩：tar zcvf FileName.tar.gz DirName

.bz2

解压1：bzip2 -d FileName.bz2
解压2：bunzip2 FileName.bz2
压缩： bzip2 -z FileName

.tar.bz2

解压：tar jxvf FileName.tar.bz2
压缩：tar jcvf FileName.tar.bz2 DirName

.bz

解压1：bzip2 -d FileName.bz
解压2：bunzip2 FileName.bz
压缩：未知

.tar.bz

解压：tar jxvf FileName.tar.bz
压缩：未知

.Z

解压：uncompress FileName.Z
压缩：compress FileName
.tar.Z

解压：tar Zxvf FileName.tar.Z
压缩：tar Zcvf FileName.tar.Z DirName

.zip

解压：unzip FileName.zip
压缩：zip FileName.zip DirName

.rar

解压：rar x FileName.rar
压缩：rar a FileName.rar DirName

.lha

解压：lha -e FileName.lha
压缩：lha -a FileName.lha FileName

.rpm

解包：rpm2cpio FileName.rpm | cpio -div

.deb

解包：ar p FileName.deb data.tar.gz | tar zxf -

.tar .tgz .tar.gz .tar.Z .tar.bz .tar.bz2 .zip .cpio .rpm .deb .slp .arj .rar .ace .lha .lzh .lzx .lzs .arc .sda .sfx .lnx .zoo .cab .kar .cpt .pit .sit .sea

解压：sEx x FileName.*
压缩：sEx a FileName.* FileName

sEx只是调用相关程序，本身并无压缩、解压功能，请注意！

gzip 命令

减少文件大小有两个明显的好处，一是可以减少存储空间，二是通过网络传输文件时，可以减少传输的时间。gzip 是在 Linux 系统中经常使用的一个对文件进行压缩和解压缩的命令，既方便又好用。

语法：gzip [选项] 压缩（解压缩）的文件名该命令的各选项含义如下：

-c 将输出写到标准输出上，并保留原有文件。-d 将压缩文件解压。-l 对每个压缩文件，显示下列字段：压缩文件的大小；未压缩文件的大小；压缩比；未压缩文件的名字-r 递归式地查找指定目录并压缩其中的所有文件或者是解压缩。-t 测试，检查压缩文件是否完整。-v 对每一个压缩和解压的文件，显示文件名和压缩比。-num 用指定的数字 num 调整压缩的速度，-1 或 –fast 表示最快压缩方法（低压缩比），-9 或–best表示最慢压缩方法（高压缩比）。系统缺省值为 6。指令实例：

gzip *% 把当前目录下的每个文件压缩成 .gz 文件。gzip -dv *% 把当前目录下每个压缩的文件解压，并列出详细的信息。gzip -l *% 详细显示例1中每个压缩的文件的信息，并不解压。gzip usr.tar% 压缩 tar 备份文件 usr.tar，此时压缩文件的扩展名为.tar.gz。

linux-tar分卷压缩与解压缩 (2012-09-30 20:27:28)转载▼
标签：举例说明命令文件分包分卷育儿分类：工作相关
举例说明：
要将目录logs打包压缩并分割成多个1M的文件，可以用下面的命令：
tar cjf - logs/ |split -b 1m - logs.tar.bz2.
完成后会产生下列文件：
logs.tar.bz2.aa, logs.tar.bz2.ab, logs.tar.bz2.ac
要解压的时候只要执行下面的命令就可以了：
cat logs.tar.bz2.a* | tar xj

再举例：
要将文件test.pdf分包压缩成500 bytes的文件：
tar czf - test.pdf | split -b 500 - test.tar.gz
最后要提醒但是那两个”-“不要漏了，那是tar的ouput和split的input的参数。
tar cjf - logs/ |split -b 1m - logs.tar.bz2.
完成后会产生下列文件：
logs.tar.bz2.aa, logs.tar.bz2.ab, logs.tar.bz2.ac
要解压的时候只要执行下面的命令就可以了：
cat logs.tar.bz2.a* | tar xj

tar、gzip、unzip命令的详细使用方法备忘

amxku 发表于 2006-08-04, 00:55. 发表在: 技术相关
tar命令

tar可以为文件和目录创建档案。利用tar，用户可以为某一特定文件创建档案（备份文件），也可以在档案中改变文件，或者向档案中加入新的文件。tar最初被用来在磁带上创建档案，现在，用户可以在任何设备上创建档案，如软盘。利用tar命令，可以把一大堆的文件和目录全部打包成一个文件，这对于备份文件或将几个文件组合成为一个文件以便于网络传输是非常有用的。Linux上的tar是GNU版本的。

语法：tar [主选项+辅选项] 文件或者目录

使用该命令时，主选项是必须要有的，它告诉tar要做什么事情，辅选项是辅助使用的，可以选用。

主选项：

c 创建新的档案文件。如果用户想备份一个目录或是一些文件，就要选择这个选项。

r 把要存档的文件追加到档案文件的未尾。例如用户已经作好备份文件，又发现还有一个目录或是一些文件忘记备份了，这时可以使用该选项，将忘记的目录或文件追加到备份文件中。

t 列出档案文件的内容，查看已经备份了哪些文件。

u 更新文件。就是说，用新增的文件取代原备份文件，如果在备份文件中找不到要更新的文件，则把它追加到备份文件的最后。

x 从档案文件中释放文件。

辅助选项：

b 该选项是为磁带机设定的。其后跟一数字，用来说明区块的大小，系统预设值为20（20*512 bytes）。

f 使用档案文件或设备，这个选项通常是必选的。

k 保存已经存在的文件。例如我们把某个文件还原，在还原的过程中，遇到相同的文件，不会进行覆盖。

m 在还原文件时，把所有文件的修改时间设定为现在。

M 创建多卷的档案文件，以便在几个磁盘中存放。

v 详细报告tar处理的文件信息。如无此选项，tar不报告文件信息。

w 每一步都要求确认。

z 用gzip来压缩/解压缩文件，加上该选项后可以将档案文件进行压缩，但还原时也一定要使用该选项进行解压缩。

例1：把/home目录下包括它的子目录全部做备份文件，备份文件名为usr.tar。

$ tar cvf usr.tar /home

例2：把/home目录下包括它的子目录全部做备份文件，并进行压缩，备份文件名为usr.tar.gz 。

$ tar czvf usr.tar.gz /home

例3：把usr.tar.gz这个备份文件还原并解压缩。

$ tar xzvf usr.tar.gz

例4：查看usr.tar备份文件的内容，并以分屏方式显示在显示器上。

$ tar tvf usr.tar | more

要将文件备份到一个特定的设备，只需把设备名作为备份文件名。

例5：用户在/dev/fd0设备的软盘中创建一个备份文件，并将/home 目录中所有的文件都拷贝到备份文件中。

$ tar cf /dev/fd0 /home

要恢复设备磁盘中的文件，可使用xf选项：

$ tar xf /dev/fd0

如果用户备份的文件大小超过设备可用的存贮空间，如软盘，您可以创建一个多卷的tar备份文件。M选项指示tar命令提示您使用一个新的存贮设备，当使用M选项向一个软驱进行存档时，tar命令在一张软盘已满的时候会提醒您再放入一张新的软盘。这样您就可以把tar档案存入几张磁盘中。

$ tar cMf /dev/fd0 /home

要恢复几张盘中的档案，只要将第一张放入软驱，然后输入有x和M选项的tar命令。在必要时您会被提醒放入另外一张软盘。

$ tar xMf /dev/fd0

gzip命令

减少文件大小有两个明显的好处，一是可以减少存储空间，二是通过网络传输文件时，可以减少传输的时间。gzip是在Linux系统中经常使用的一个对文件进行压缩和解压缩的命令，既方便又好用。

语法：gzip [选项] 压缩（解压缩）的文件名

各选项的含义：

-c 将输出写到标准输出上，并保留原有文件。

-d 将压缩文件解压。

-l 对每个压缩文件，显示下列字段：

压缩文件的大小

未压缩文件的大小

压缩比

未压缩文件的名字

-r 递归式地查找指定目录并压缩其中的所有文件或者是解压缩。

-t 测试，检查压缩文件是否完整。

-v 对每一个压缩和解压的文件，显示文件名和压缩比。

-num 用指定的数字num调整压缩的速度，-1或–fast表示最快压缩方法（低压缩比），-9或–best表示最慢压缩方法（高压缩比）。系统缺省值为6。

假设一个目录/home下有文件mm.txt、sort.txt、xx.com。

例1：把/home目录下的每个文件压缩成.gz文件。

$ cd /home

$ gzip *

$ ls

m.txt.gz sort.txt.gz xx.com.gz

例2：把例1中每个压缩的文件解压，并列出详细的信息。

$ gzip -dv *

mm.txt.gz 43.1%—–replaced with mm.txt

sort.txt.gz 43.1%—–replaced with sort.txt

xx.com.gz 43.1%—–replaced with xx.com

$ ls

mm.txt sort.txt xx.com

例3：详细显示例1中每个压缩的文件的信息，并不解压。

$ gzip -l *

compressed uncompr. ratio uncompressed_name

277 445 43.1% mm.txt

278 445 43.1% sort.txt

277 445 43.1% xx.com

$ ls

mm.txt.gz sort.txt.gz xx.com.gz

例4：压缩一个tar备份文件，如usr.tar，此时压缩文件的扩展名为.tar.gz

$ gzip usr.tar

$ ls

usr.tar.gz

unzip命令

用MS Windows下的压缩软件winzip压缩的文件如何在Linux系统下展开呢？可以用unzip命令，该命令用于解扩展名为.zip的压缩文件。

语法：unzip [选项] 压缩文件名.zip

各选项的含义分别为：

-x 文件列表解压缩文件，但不包括指定的file文件。

-v 查看压缩文件目录，但不解压。

-t 测试文件有无损坏，但不解压。

-z 只显示压缩文件的注解。

-n 不覆盖已经存在的文件。

-o 覆盖已存在的文件且不要求用户确认。

-j 不重建文档的目录结构，把所有文件解压到同一目录下。

例1：将压缩文件text.zip在当前目录下解压缩。

$ unzip text.zip

例2：将压缩文件text.zip在指定目录/tmp下解压缩，如果已有相同的文件存在，要求unzip命令不覆盖原先的文件。

$ unzip -n text.zip -d /tmp

例3：查看压缩文件目录，但不解压。

$ unzip -v text.zip

zgrep命令

这个命令的功能是在压缩文件中寻找匹配的正则表达式，用法和grep命令一样，只不过操作的对象是压缩文件。如果用户想看看在某个压缩文件中有没有某一句话，便可用zgrep命令。

Backup alias

-o (set Output directory) switch

1	7z x archive.zip -oc:\Doc

eval

alias 7zb='7z a ${PWD##*/}_backup-passwd_`date +%Y%m%d%H%M%S`.7z *'

alias 7zz='7z a -p13811526007 ${PWD##*/}_backup-passwd_`date +%Y%m%d%H%M%S`.7z *'

alias keybindbackup='sudo 7z a -p13811526007 ~/Desktop/Keybind-`uname -n`_`date +%Y%m%d%H%M%S`.7z ~/.zshrc ~/.bashrc ~/.config/openbox/* /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/hosts /boot/grub/grub.cfg'

alias logback='sudo 7z a -p13811526007 ~/Desktop/Log-`uname -n`_`date +%Y%m%d%H%M%S`.7z /var/log/'

alias backup='cd / && sudo tar cvpzf `uname -n`_LinuxBackup.tgz --exclude=/proc --exclude=/lost+found --exclude=/linuxbackup.tgz --exclude=/mnt --exclude=/media --exclude=/home/ht/.thunderbird --exclude=/sys /'`

Application Installation

AnyDesk

1
2
3

axel https://download.anydesk.com/linux/anydesk_6.1.0-1_amd64.deb
#
wget -rnp https://download.anydesk.com/linux/ # Debian package available via the download

Remote Desktop Software for Linux – AnyDesk

Hackage: The Haskell Package Repository

Introduction | Hackage

Hackage is the Haskell community’s central package archive of open source software. Hackage has been online since January 2007 and is constantly growing. You can publish libraries and programs or download and install packages with tools like cabal-install (or via your distro’s package manager).

Shashlik/Android emulator

1 2	wget http://static.davidedmundson.co.uk/shashlik/shashlik_0.9.3.deb wget https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/shashlik-bin/

xml2x 0.4.2 on Hackage - Libraries.io

1	cabal install xml2x-0.4.2`

Ubuntu Downloads & Install Instructions for uGet

1
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3

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:plushuang-tw/uget-stable
sudo apt update
sudo apt install uget

How to install Calligra 3.0.1 Office Suite on Ubuntu

1 2	sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install calligra sudo apt-get remove calligra

How to Install OnlyOffice on Ubuntu 16.04 LTS - LinuxBabe

Docker installation

OnlyOffice installation

Yandex

VYM - View Your Mind

The very latest version you can always get thelatest version directly from
openSUSE BuildService, please check the URL above
(or here: http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/home%3A//insilmaril/)

If you prefer the older “original” Ubuntu packages, you can

1	apt-get install vym

There is also a Kubuntu link:

http://packages.debian.org/unstable/kde/vym

YouTube-DL

Ubuntu users can download and install latest youtube-dl version from the webupd8 PPA as shown.

eval

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:nilarimogard/webupd8
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install youtube-dl
#
sudo apt-get install youtube-dl
#
sudo pip install youtube-dl

Update: Similarly, instead using any third party PPA, you can use curl or wget command to install latest version of youtube-dl script as shown.

eval

1
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3

sudo curl https://yt-dl.org/latest/youtube-dl -o /usr/local/bin/youtube-dl
#    OR
sudo wget https://yt-dl.org/downloads/latest/youtube-dl -O /usr/local/bin/youtube-dl

After downloading the script, set the executable permission.

eval

1	sudo chmod a+rx /usr/local/bin/youtube-dl

`synapse`

eval

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:synapse-core/ppa 
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install synapse

sudo add-apt-repository universe
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install synapse

WeChat【微信】

eval

cd cp /media/ht/ht_5T/Stored_Softs/Linux_Softs/Not_Classified/
cp /media/ht/ht_5T/Stored_Softs/Linux_Softs/Not_Classified/linux-x64.tar.gz .
tar zxvf linux-x64.tar.gz
sudo ln -s /opt/electronic-wechat/electronic-wechat /usr/local/bin/wechat

如何在Ubuntu中安装electronic-wechat微信客户端 • 系统极客

通过Snap在Ubuntu中安装微信

Snap 使得在 Linux 中安装 electronic-wechat 微信客户端变得非常容易，不过在此之前需要通过如下命令先安装 snapd 和 snapd-xdg-open：

sudo apt install snapd snapd-xdg-open

完成之后就可以使用如下命令安装 electronic-wechat 微信客户端：

sudo snap install electronic-wechat

安装完成后可以在终端中直接执行 electronic-wechat 打开它。当你首次启动它时，需要在手机上扫描二维码登录。

在手机上打开微信扫描二维码之后就可以开始使用了，其功能与 Windows 及 macOS 版本中的微信客户端非常相似，大家自己上手。

XMind

XMind6

http://www.xmind.net/xmind/downloads/xmind-linux-3.5.3.201506180105_amd64.deb

Freemind

eval

wget -q -O - http://archive.getdeb.net/getdeb-archive.key | sudo apt-key add -
sudo sh -c 'echo "deb http://archive.getdeb.net/ubuntu trusty-getdeb apps" >> /etc/apt/sources.list.d/getdeb.list'
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install freemind

SeaMonkey

HTML editor

eval

echo -e "\ndeb http://downloads.sourceforge.net/project/ubuntuzilla/mozilla/apt all main" | sudo tee -a /etc/apt/sources.list > /dev/null
sudo apt-key adv --recv-keys --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com C1289A29
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install seamonkey-mozilla-build

Calibre [^Calibre]

Installation via synaptic

eval

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install synaptic
#
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:n-muench/calibre2
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install calibre
##################
# One-liner
##################
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:n-muench/calibre2; sudo apt-get update; sudo apt-get install calibre

[^Calibre]: software installation - How to install Calibre on Ubuntu 12.04 - Ask Ubuntu
calibre - Download for linux

`vokoscreen`

vkohaupt/vokoscreen: vokoscreen is an easy to use screencast creator to record educational videos, live recordings of browser, installation, videoconferences, etc.

1	sudo apt install vokoscreen

SimpleScreenRecorder

Main page - SimpleScreenRecorder - Maarten Baert’s website

Install ‘simplescreenrecorder’ and optionally ‘simplescreenrecorder-lib:i386’ (if you want to record 32-bit OpenGL applications on a 64-bit system) from the SimpleScreenRecorder PPA:

eval

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:maarten-baert/simplescreenrecorder
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install simplescreenrecorder
# if you want to record 32-bit OpenGL applications on a 64-bit system:
sudo apt-get install simplescreenrecorder-lib:i386
##################
# One-liner
##################
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:maarten-baert/simplescreenrecorder; sudo apt-get update; sudo apt-get install simplescreenrecorder

You should copy-paste these commands to a terminal line by line rather than all at once, otherwise it won't work.

Alternatively, you can install the simplescreenrecorder package from GetDeb.

Shutter

eval

sudo apt-get install libgd-perl  
sudo apt-get install libdata-random-perl  
sudo apt-get install libnet-dropbox-api-perl  
sudo apt-get install shutter

TeamViewer

下载的64位deb文件无法在64位机安装。

Installation of Google Drive

An Official Google Drive for Linux is Here, Sort Of — Maybe This Is All We’ll Ever Get

1 2	sudo apt-get install golang git mercurial go get github.com/rakyll/drive

Dock

Installation

eval

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ricotz/docky 
sudo apt-get update 
sudo apt-get install plank
##################
# One-liner
##################
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ricotz/docky; sudo apt-get update; sudo apt-get install plank

Removal

eval

1 2	sudo add-apt-repository -r ppa:ricotz/docky sudo apt-get remove plank

Configuration

1	~/.config/plank/dock1/settings

Cairo-Dock

Home Lubuntu 64 bit

lubuntu 14.04 - cairo-dock missfunctions - Ask Ubuntu
This is caused by compositing emulation provided by Cairo Dock. By right you should use real composition for jobs like this.

This is how you can get composition in Lubuntu 14.04

1	sudo apt-get install compton

Go to Applications menu, Preferences, Default Applications for Lxsession.
Go to autostart, add another startup process compton -b

Log out and log in back then you should able to use the dock nicely after disable Composition Emulation in Cairo settings.

== Enable the PPA in your list of repositories ==
Execute the following commands in a terminal (be careful when you copy-paste, the 2nd line is quite long so it may appear cut in your browser, but it’s a single line) :

eval

sudo -v
echo "deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/cairo-dock-team/ppa/ubuntu $(lsb_release -sc) main ## Cairo-Dock-PPA" | sudo tee -a /etc/apt/sources.list
sudo apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys E80D6BF5
sudo apt-get update

== Install the dock ==
Execute the following command in a terminal:

eval

1
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3

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:cairo-dock-team/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install cairo-dock cairo-dock-plug-ins

Removal of black box

apt-get install xcompmgr
gconftool-2 –type bool –set /apps/metacity/general/compositing_manager true

Plank

Plank (Simplest Dock)

eval

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ricotz/docky
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install plank
# 移除命令：
sudo add-apt-repository -r ppa:ricotz/docky
sudo apt-get remove plank

Removal of Cairo-Dock

sudo apt-get purge cairo-dock cairo-dock-plug-ins && sudo apt-get autoremove
#
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:cairo-dock-team/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install cairo-dock cairo-dock-plug-ins

13.04 - how to completely remove cairo dock and reinstall it - Ask Ubuntu

Plank

eval

sudo apt-add-repository ppa:ricotz/docky
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install plank

sudo gedit ~/.config/plank/dock1/settings
~/.config/plank/dock1/settings

大家可以根据介绍来进行配置，其中position 选项是指Plank 的显示位置，其可能值为：

0 = 左边
1 = 右边
2 = 顶部
3 = 底部

配置完之后保存退出即可。

Plank 更换主题说明：

eval

Plank 是支持皮肤主题功能的，皮肤主题文件位于**~/.config/plank/theme/**中，如果你想修改主题请先对现有的主题进行备份：

    cp -r ~/.config/plank/theme/dock.theme dock.theme.pak
    cp -r ~/.config/plank/theme/hover.theme hover.theme.pak

然后到deviantart 上去下载主题（[here](http://browse.deviantart.com/customization/skins/linuxutil/applications/docks/?qh=§ion=&q=plank)），下载的皮肤是一个zip 包，解压后你能看到里面有一个隐藏文件夹**.config** ，把它替换覆盖～/即可。

如果你想要换回原来的主题，那么运行：

    cp mv ~/.config/plank/theme/dock.theme.pak dock.theme
    cp mv ~/.config/plank/theme/hover.theme.pak hover.theme

Grive

Installation Steps of grive-tools

Mount Google drive in Ubuntu 14.04 LTS

Step:1 Add grive-tools PPA using below Command :
$ sudo add-apt-repository ppa:thefanclub/grive-tools
Step:2 Update the list
$ sudo apt-get update
Step:3 Install grive-tools
$ sudo apt-get install grive-tools

Setup

Authensization (https://accounts.google.com/o/oauth2/approval?as=-72d47375b4225e7&hl=en_US&pageId=none&xsrfsign=APsBz4gAAAAAVK3V3C0l60VyW17PDz7Cuh2Acp-b037t4/Vn0StdhN3vT2FawKUlmZoiikpLHmgVYmuxB-npg8YSM.8gjnFN3GsB0RgrKXntQAax1qZOuNlQI)

Chromium

PPA

1 2	deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/chromium-daily/stable/ubuntu trusty main deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/chromium-daily/stable/ubuntu trusty main

Another PPA (choose one of three)

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:chromium-daily/stable
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:chromium-daily/dev
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:chromium-daily
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install chromium-browser

Note: If you have some problems upgrading the dev or daily channels you may try this:

Close all the chromium trays (if you have any open) or close all the procces tree with the system monitor (or just kill the procces with the terminal).

Just use one of the channels, don’t add the 3 ppa, becuase they’ll get stuck. The -sudo apt-get install chromium-browser- is the same for all 3
Erase the old Chromium version at ~/.config/chromium/Default (erase all the Default folder). After you erase it run the apt-get install command again.

Google Chrome

1
2
3

/usr/bin/google-chrome-unstable %U
/usr/bin/google-chrome-beta %U
/usr/bin/google-chrome-stable %U

QQ with Pidgin (lwqq)

Install On Linux · xiehuc/pidgin-lwqq Wiki · GitHub

Ubuntu via PPA

添加仓库并更新

1 2	$ sudo add-apt-repository ppa:lainme/pidgin-lwqq $ sudo apt-get update

安装

1	$ sudo apt-get install pidgin-lwqq

PPA 也可以用于 Debian，但不保证一定能工作。另外，pidgin-lwqq-unstable 已经不再支持和更新。如果你遇到任何问题，请联系 lainme [lainme993@gmail.com][15]

fcitx

先卸载IBUS输入法

killall ibus-daemon
sudo apt-get purge ibus ibus-gtk ibus-gtk3 ibus-pinyin* ibus-sunpinyin ibus-table python-ibus
rm -rf ~/.config/ibus

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:fcitx-team/nightly
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install fcitx-sogoupinyin

sudo apt-get install fcitx-sogoupinyin fcitx-pinyin fcitx-sunpinyin fcitx-googlepinyin fcitx-table fcitx-table-wubi fcitx-table-wbpy

Downloaders

1	sudo apt-get install uget aria2 axel

uget

1	sudo apt-get install uget aria2

JDownloader

1
2
3

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:jd-team/jdownloader
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install jdownloader-installer jdownloader

aria2

aria2：让路由迅雷离线下载

After installation

Monitor adjustment

1
2

setsid chromium-browser /media/ht/ht_5T/Work/References/Computer_Tips/Linux_Tips/Not_Classified/Display_Resolution_Adjustment_in_Lubuntu.html
subl /media/ht/ht_5T/Work/References/Computer_Tips/Linux_Tips/Not_Classified/Display_Resolution_Adjustment_in_Lubuntu.Rmd

Application installation

eval

#!/usr/bin/python
sudo update-manager -d
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install lubuntu-desktop
sudo apt install python-pip
#
sudo apt-get install lubuntu-core lubuntu-icon-theme lubuntu-restricted-extras
#
sudo apt-get install lxde
##############################################################
# Language support
sudo apt-get remove fcitx*
sudo gdebi /media/ht/ht_5T/Stored_Softs/Linux_Softs/IME/sogoupinyin_2.1.0.0082_amd64.deb
# Revision of updatedb
sudo apt-get update; sudo apt-get upgrade; sudo apt-get dist-upgrade
sudo dpkg -i /media/ht/ht_5T/Stored_Softs/Cross_Platform_Softs/Text_Editor/Atom/atom-amd64.deb
# sudo dpkg -i /media/ht/ht_5T/Stored_Softs/Cross_Platform_Softs/TeamViewer/teamviewer_12.0.71510_i386.deb
sudo dpkg -i /media/ht/ht_5T/Stored_Softs/Cross_Platform_Softs/Google_Chrome/google-chrome-stable_71.0.3578.98-1_amd64.deb
sudo dpkg -i /media/ht/ht_5T/Stored_Softs/Cross_Platform_Softs/AnyDesk/anydesk_4.0.0-1_amd64.deb
sudo apt-get install p7zip-full
sudo apt-get install -f
sudo apt-get install compton
sudo apt-get install cairo-dock cairo-dock-plug-ins
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:chromium-daily/dev
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:maarten-baert/simplescreenrecorder
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:n-muench/calibre2
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:saiarcot895/myppa  
sudo apt-get update  
sudo apt-get install chromium-browser
sudo apt-get install libgd-perl  
sudo apt-get install libdata-random-perl  
sudo apt-get install libnet-dropbox-api-perl  
sudo apt-get install shutter simplescreenrecorder calibre
############################################################
# pdftk installation
# libgcj-common_6.4-3ubuntu1_all.deb libgcj17_6.4.0-8ubuntu1_amd64.deb pdftk_2.02-4build1_amd64.deb
#
echo 'libgcj-common_6.4-3ubuntu1_all.deb libgcj17_6.4.0-8ubuntu1_amd64.deb pdftk_2.02-4build1_amd64.deb' | sed 's/\ /\n/g' | xargs -I % locate -b %
#
sudo dpkg -i /media/ht/ht_5T/Stored_Softs/Linux_Softs/Not_Classified/libgcj-common_6.4-3ubuntu1_all.deb
sudo dpkg -i /media/ht/ht_5T/Stored_Softs/Linux_Softs/Not_Classified/libgcj17_6.4.0-8ubuntu1_amd64.deb
sudo dpkg -i /media/ht/ht_5T/Stored_Softs/Linux_Softs/Not_Classified/pdftk_2.02-4build1_amd64.deb
############################################################
sudo apt-get -y install apt-fast # sudo dpkg-reconfigure apt-fast
sudo apt-get install axel aria2
wget -O get-fonts.sh.zip http://files.cnblogs.com/DengYangjun/get-fonts.sh.zip
unzip -o get-fonts.sh.zip 1>/dev/null
sudo chmod a+x get-fonts.sh
./get-fonts.sh
# 将要的字体复制到/usr/share/fonts/chinese/TrueType目录下
# 建立字体缓存，命令：cd /usr/share/fonts/chinses/TrueType
# 
# mkfontscale
# mkfontdir
# fc-cache -fv
sudo sh -c "echo 'deb http://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox/debian '$(lsb_release -cs)' contrib non-free' > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/virtualbox.list" && wget -q http://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox/debian/oracle_vbox.asc -O- | sudo apt-key add - && sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install virtualbox-5.0
# Cario Dock
# http://www.glx-dock.org/ww_page.php?p=From%20the%20repository&lang=en
# wget -q http://download.tuxfamily.org/glxdock/repository/cairo-dock.gpg -O- | sudo apt-key add -
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:cairo-dock-team/ppa 
sudo apt-get update 
sudo apt-get install cairo-dock cairo-dock-plug-ins # or if the dock is already installed => # sudo apt-get dist-upgrade
sudo apt-get install xcompmgr
#
[WineQQ7.8-20151109-Longene.deb](/media/ht/ht_5T/Stored_Softs/Linux_Softs/WineQQ/Selected/WineQQ7.8-20151109-Longene.deb)
[wine-qqintl_0.1.3-2_i386.deb](/media/ht/ht_5T/Stored_Softs/Linux_Softs/WineQQ/Selected/wine-qqintl_0.1.3-2_i386.deb)
sudo dpkg -i /media/ht/ht_5T/Stored_Softs/Linux_Softs/WineQQ/Selected/WineQQ7.8-20151109-Longene.deb
sudo dpkg -i /media/ht/ht_5T/Stored_Softs/Linux_Softs/WineQQ/Selected/wine-qqintl_0.1.3-2_i386.deb
#
sudo apt-fast install build-essential libcurl4-openssl-dev
git clone https://github.com/GangZhuo/baidupcs.git
cd baidupcs
make clean
make
make install #将安装到/usr/local/bin下
sudo dpkg -i /media/ht/ht_5T/Work/References/Computer_Tips/百度云/bcloud_3.8.2-1_all.deb
sudo apt-get install python-pip python-dev build-essential 
sudo pip install --upgrade pip 
sudo pip install --upgrade virtualenv 
**Installed applications**
sudo vi /etc/default/apport # turn to 0
sudo apt-get install virtualbox-5.1
sudo apt-get install pkg-config build-essential libgtk2.0-dev
gcc -shared -o libsublime-imfix.so sublime_imfix.c `pkg-config --libs --cflags gtk+-2.0` -fPIC
#
# https://github.com/geeeeeeeeek/electronic-wechat
# Clone this repository
git clone https://github.com/geeeeeeeeek/electronic-wechat.git
# Go into the repository
cd electronic-wechat
# Install dependencies and run the app
npm install && npm start
############ QQ Installation #################
sudo dpkg -i /media/ht/ht_5T/Stored_Softs/Linux_Softs/WineQQ/WineTM2013-20131206-Longene.deb
sudo dpkg -i /media/ht/ht_5T/Stored_Softs/Linux_Softs/WineQQ/WineQQ7.8-20151109-Longene.deb
############ RStudio Installation #################
sudo dpkg -i /media/ht/ht_5T/Stored_Softs/Cross_Platform_Softs/RStudio/Desktop/rstudio-1.0.143-amd64.deb
sudo apt install r-base

tar xvf /media/ht/ht_5T/Stored_Softs/Linux_Softs/Not_Classified/linux-x64.tar.gz
sudo mv electronic-wechat-linux-x64/ /opt/
sudo ln -s /opt/electronic-wechat-linux-x64/electronic-wechat /usr/bin/wechat

- pullseq

#########################################
# Installation of Tex Live
# Chinese environment set-up
#########################################
http://www.cnblogs.com/Z-X-L/articles/2636107.html
#########################################
# install-tl-ubuntu
#########################################
https://github.com/scottkosty/install-tl-ubuntu
# Tex Live installation
wget https://github.com/scottkosty/install-tl-ubuntu/raw/master/install-tl-ubuntu && chmod +x ./install-tl-ubuntu
##### Sublime #####
echo "deb https://download.sublimetext.com/ apt/dev/" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/sublime-text.list
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install sublime-text
#
sudo apt install filezilla

CRAN

1	install.packages("DT", "rmarkdown", "pander", "readxl")

EOF

FTP/Mobile phones

DCIM/Camera Directory

Download Directory

百度网盘

微信

QQ

COVID-19

Study Directory

Markor Directory

VOA

COVID-19 data

亟待解决的问题

Installation log

SoftEtherVPN

WINE

zotero

djvu viewer

VLC

FileZilla

HandBrake

CopyQ/Clipboard manager

ncbi-genome-download

hugin

silversearcher-ag

amule installation

Planner from Apps/Planner/Downloads - GNOME Wiki!, Vision, Bio-Linux

Configuration

中文输入法

fcitx-【】

Bibus

Default Applications for LXSession

Terminal

Printer installation

openbox –reconfigure

z-command

grep in compressed gz file

sed in compressed gz file

Keyboard shortcut in Ubuntu

Getting “System program problem detected” pops up regularly after upgrade

add-apt-repository

Ign meaning in apt-get update

FLASH installation in Google Chrome/Chromium and Firefox

Chrome

为Chromium安装Flash player

为Firefox安装Flash player

Upgrade

VirtualBox

Restore the mini-menu bar

Folder sharing

E: Unable to lock the administration directory (/var/lib/dpkg/), is another process using it?

Auto login

Login background (lightdm)

Add user

Kernel update

Screensaver

Widgets/Applet

Calender

Conky

PlexyDesk

Alarm/Timer

countdown

sleep

alarm-clock-applet

Tips

时间戳/timestamp

转换

opencc

epstopdf

Split document/文件分割

> What’s FAT?

> What About VFAT?

> FAT32

Installation of fonts for WPS

iOS connection

md5sum

Rapid code

Description

Comparation of files

&& and ;

Fonts installation

`FileZilla`

`CopyQ`/Clipboard manager

`ncbi-genome-download`

`hugin`

`silversearcher-ag`

`amule` installation

Ign meaning in `apt-get update`

`Conky`

`PlexyDesk`

`countdown`

`sleep`

`alarm-clock-applet`

`md5sum`

`&&` and `;`

Collection of `xargs` containing commands

`alias`使用引号

`apt-get update errors - 50unattended-upgrades.ucf-dist`